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namely to learn. Human communities,                simultaneously feel increasingly lonely.
         families, schools, workplaces need to create       And even though we may use technology
         an environment that ensures the openness           to feel more connected, it may be exactly
         that epistemic trust affords. Of course,           what’s leading us to feel lonely.
         the experience of adversity is bound
         to undermine epistemic trust and may               Does Anyone Care About Me?
         even be a helpful adaptation to a hostile          A paper by Edward Lemay, Jennifer
         environment (Fonagy et al., 2021).                 Cutri, and Nadya Teneva published in
                                                            the Journal of Personality and Social
                                                            Psychology in 2024 suggests an important
                                                            way that loneliness can become a chronic
                                                            condition. As you might expect, people
                                                            feel lonely when they believe that other
                                                            people are not supporting them and also
                                                            when they believe that other people do
                                                            not really like them or think that they are
                                                            good people. These authors suggest that
                                                            feelings of loneliness decrease people’s
         Unfavourable Outcomes Associated with              sense that they are being cared for and
         Loneliness:                                        whether other people have a good opinion
          A number of unfavorable outcomes have             of them. That feeling of a lack of care and
         been linked to loneliness. In addition to          regard by others then amplifies the feeling
         its association with depressive symptoms           of loneliness in a vicious cycle.
         and other forms of mental illness,                  To amplify this further, when we feel
         loneliness is a risk factor for heart disease,     loneliness for long enough, we start to
         Type 2 diabetes, and arthritis, among              believe no one wants to be with us. We
         other diseases. Lonely people are also             start to believe we will always be alone.
         twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s             The loneliness grows into hopelessness.
         disease, research suggests. The state of           It is time to reevaluate the situation. You
         chronic loneliness may trigger adverse             need to redefine your old concepts and
         physiological responses such as the                stop assuming that being alone is the
         increased production of stress hormones,           same as being lonely.
         hinder sleep, and result in weakened
         immunity.
          While a person cannot die simply from
         feeling too lonely, findings that lonely
         people have higher rates of mortality and
         certain diseases supports the idea that,
         over time, chronic loneliness can play a
         role in increasing the risk of dying.
          The great irony is that as we become
         increasingly “connected”- on social
         media, video calling, and messaging - we


        SENIORS TODAY | ISSUE #64 | OCTOBER 2024                                                            23
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