The Cleanliness Edit (Part 1) – How Often Should You Replace or Clean Everyday Personal-Use Items?

Many of these items can harbour bacteria, fungi, and dust mites that may affect your skin, gums, and even breathing health — especially as we age

We all have household and personal care items that quietly become part of our daily routine — the same toothbrush, pillow, towel, or bedsheet that we reach for without a second thought. But did you know that many of these items can harbour bacteria, fungi, and dust mites that may affect your skin, gums, and even breathing health — especially as we age?

Here’s a science-backed list of common personal care items and how often they should be aired, cleaned, or replaced to keep you healthy and comfortable.

Toothbrush

Replace every: 3 months (or sooner if bristles fray)
Why: According to the American Dental Association, toothbrushes collect bacteria and fungi over time, especially when stored in damp conditions. These microbes can re-enter your mouth, increasing the risk of gum disease and oral infections — particularly for seniors with sensitive gums or dentures.
Tip: Always rinse your toothbrush well after use, let it air dry upright, and avoid storing it in closed containers.

Loofahs, Bath Sponges & Washcloths

Replace or wash: Loofahs every 3–4 weeks; washcloths after 2–3 uses
Why: Warm, moist environments allow bacteria like Pseudomonas and fungi to multiply. Dermatologists warn that these microbes can cause skin rashes or folliculitis.
Tip: Choose cotton washcloths that can be machine-washed in hot water instead of synthetic loofahs.

Towels

Wash every: 2–3 uses (or more often in humid climates)
Why: Studies published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology show towels can harbour E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and even fungi, especially when left damp.
Tip: Hang towels in a well-ventilated area to air-dry between uses. Seniors with weakened immunity should avoid sharing towels.

Bedsheets and Pillowcases

Wash every: 7–10 days
Why: We shed skin cells, sweat, and oils every night. Dust mites thrive on these, and their droppings can trigger allergies or asthma. Research in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology highlights that regular washing at 60°C significantly reduces mite populations.
Tip: In hot Indian climates, sun-drying sheets not only kills mites but also gives them a naturally fresh scent.

Pillows

Wash every: 3–4 months
Replace every: 1–2 years
Why: Even with pillowcases, pillows can collect body oils, dead skin, and dust mites. A 2011 study found that one-third of a pillow’s weight after two years can be made up of dead skin, mites, and debris!
Tip: Use washable pillow protectors and air pillows in sunlight once a month.

Underwear

Wash after every use
Replace every: 6–12 months
Why: Warm, moist areas like underwear can harbour yeast and bacteria such as E. coli and Candida. A Good Housekeeping Institute report found traces of faecal bacteria even after machine washing, especially in cool water.
Tip: Wash in hot water with an antiseptic liquid or mild disinfectant, and sun-dry thoroughly.

Socks

Wash after every use
Replace every: 6 months (or sooner if worn out)
Why: Damp socks encourage fungal infections like athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis), which can affect seniors with diabetes or circulation issues.
Tip: Choose cotton or bamboo socks that wick away moisture and change them daily.

Kitchen Towels and Cleaning Cloths

Wash or replace: Daily
Why: Studies show kitchen towels often carry bacteria from raw food and hands, posing foodborne illness risks.
Tip: Keep separate towels for hands, dishes, and countertops, and sanitise regularly with hot water and detergent.

Hats, Caps, and Scarves

Wash: Every 2–3 weeks (more often in summer)
Why: Sweat and oil buildup can irritate the scalp and cause fungal infections.
Tip: Wash lightweight scarves often and sun them out regularly.

Shoes and Slippers

Air: After every use
Wash or clean: Monthly
Replace: Every 1–2 years
Why: Footwear accumulates sweat, odour-causing bacteria, and fungi. Airing them prevents moisture build-up and extends life.
Tip: For seniors prone to foot issues, always wear dry, clean shoes and keep insoles fresh.

The Power of Sunlight and Airing

Sunlight is one of the oldest and most natural disinfectants. Ultraviolet rays help kill bacteria and dust mites, while fresh air reduces mustiness.
Try to air pillows, mattresses, towels, and rugs outdoors every few weeks — a traditional Indian habit now backed by modern science.

“As we grow older, our immunity and skin barrier become more delicate. Regular cleaning and airing of personal items can prevent many avoidable infections and allergies,”
— Dr. Anjali Mehta, Dermatologist, Mumbai.

Here’s a quick checklist: