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Nine Nuts for a Healthy Heart

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Mix Nuts Cover - Seniors Today

Nuts are high in calories and extremely healthy for the heart, when you enjoy them in moderation, writes Manisha Mehta

Nuts help keep your heart healthy when eaten as part of a balanced diet. Besides protein, and antioxidants most nuts contain heart-healthy substance such as – Unsaturated fats, Omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, Vitamin E, Plant sterols (a substance that lowers cholesterol levels) and L-arginine (a substance that improves the health of the artery walls by making them more flexible and less prone to clotting). Nuts make a great healthy snack. However, nuts are super high in calories and fat so it is important to practice portion control.

Almonds – The tasty almonds have high level of plant sterols. Sterols help reduce LDL – bad cholesterol. Almonds combat heart diseases and boosts cognitive functions. Also, it makes a delicious almond butter spread.

Keep the Coronavirus at Bay

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novel coronavirus - Seniors Today

For seniors, prevention is the key to steering clear of the novel C

The pandemic novel coronavirus nCoV is an infection that can cause pneumonia-like symptoms by spreading to the lower respiratory tract.

Senior citizens, particularly those with heart conditions and weakened immune systems, need to be extra careful. News of strange, unheard-of viruses surfacing is not new over the last few decades. We’ve had our share of scares in India too with SARS, Nipah, Ebola and the like.

The outbreak of nCoV originated in China at the end of December 2019, apparently in the wholesale market in Wuhan, Hubei province. More than 1000 people have died in China since the outbreak, which has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. There is news of other nationals being infected by this virus, numbers are yet to be confirmed. In India, so far there are three confirmed cases in Kerala and 172 cases under observation in Karnataka.

What is the novel coronavirus?

A coronavirus is a common virus that causes infection in sinuses, nose or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not as dangerous as they mostly affect animals and do not spread to human beings. However, there are seven strains of this virus – Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) being the seventh, which can affect humans.

The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is the cousin of the more popular Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus (outbreak in Southern China, 2002) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus (outbreak in Saudi Arabia, 2012). An analysis found that the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV is 96% identical to SARS and MERS that originated in bats. Hence like other coronaviruses (SARS & MERS) — Novel coronavirus can only jump between people who come in close contact with each other, and is highly contagious.

novel coronavirus symptoms - Seniors Today
Graphic: Shutterstock

Symptoms of coronavirus

Symptoms of coronavirus are similar to catching a cold. These symptoms can further develop into congestion, projecting pneumonialike symptoms. It is essential to be on the lookout especially during scares like this.

  • Runny nose
  • Coughing
  • Sore throat
  • Fever

Preventive measures 

  • Keep your hands clean. Wash them regularly with soap and warm water or you may keep a hand sanitizer handy.
  • Food safety is a must. Keep separate knives and chopping boards for raw meat and vegetables. Wash vegetables thoroughly before using them.
  • Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.
  • Refrain being around people with a respiratory infection.
  • Take ample rest.
  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • To help ease a sore and scratchy throat, use a humidifier or have a steamy shower.

Steer clear from social media hoaxes 

Misinformation spreads faster when people are afraid. A contagious and potentially fatal disease is frightening and provides the ideal emotionally charged context for rumors to thrive. Social media is flooded with false information and rumors about the coronavirus. Examples include – HIV drugs can be used as the cure for the virus, coronavirus can kill a person in seconds, photographs of people lying dead on the streets of Wuhan. All facts related to the Novel Coronavirus are updated on the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organisation portals. These portals will provide you with accurate facts and stats on the disease.

Are we in safe hands?

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Security of senior citizens - Seniors Today

Sonavi Kher Desai talks to D Sivanandhan, former DGP, Maharashtra, about police and the security of senior citizens

With the substantial increase in the number of senior citizens in India, the issue of their safety and security requires attention. Crimes against, and abuse of, seniors are on the rise as reflected in the 2018 report of the NGO, HelpAge.

D Sivanandhan, former DGP, Maharashtra,
D Sivanandhan, former DGP, Maharashtra,

The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act was enacted in 2007 to safeguard the rights of seniors. On 11 December 2019, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (Amendment) Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha. One of the provisions in the Bill requires every police station to have at least one officer, not below the rank of Assistant Sub-Inspector, to deal with issues related to parents and senior citizens​. State governments must constitute a special police unit for senior citizens in every district. The unit will be headed by a police officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police.

How would this help seniors? How can they ensure their safety and what is the role played by the police? D Sivanandhan, former DGP, Maharashtra, gives us pointers with respect to the security of senior citizens.

Q. If a senior citizen is being harassed by children or relatives, can they approach the police for help?

All citizens have equal rights under the law of the land. In case of crimes such as robbery, cyber-crime, or an attack, they can report to the police like any other citizen. Vulnerable citizens, such as senior citizens, women, and children, are looked after more as they are considered weaker. However, seniors can request special attention from the police as per the new amendment made on 11 December 2019.

Safety for Seniors
Keep your phone handy, and install an alarm app which can alert security or your trusted contacts

So, for instance, if seniors are victims of property-related abuse, the police cannot help them?

Such issues, so far as they are civil in nature, have to be decided by a court of law only and the police do not have the right to intervene. Senior citizens will have to go to court to sort out the civil cases. The police has no authority to get involved. In fact, they are prohibited from interfering in civil matters. However, if there is an element of crime involved in such matters, the police are duty-bound to intervene and take effective steps.

In which cases can senior citizens ask for police help?

If a crime is committed against a senior citizen they can go to the police to file a complaint under Section 154 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Also, if they are anticipating some issue with regard to their security they can inform the police to keep it on record and, in serious matters, request the police to take preventive action.

What advice would you give to senior citizens with regard to their security?

Senior Abuse Awareness
Often, seniors can be abused for property or other legal matters, but the police can intervene only if there is a crime committed

It is very important for citizens to come together to ensure the safety of senior citizens. I had launched a technology-based security portal in 2009 called www.hamarisuraksha.com that partners with police, government agencies, businesses, and citizens. The aim is to help to register, verify and track senior citizens, staff, domestic help, tenants, and workers/contractors. Forty thousand seniors had registered on this platform which helps police maintain a database of seniors and manage their security and safety. The following points should also be kept in mind.

  • Private security agencies can be used. Police can take action via private security agencies.
  • Neighbors should form local groups to help and check on the welfare and security of seniors.
  • Registering staff with photos is a must. Housing societies must install cameras and maintain office records of flat owners and staff.
  • It is also important to install double doors with grilles, as well as an alarm switch near the main door to alert building security in case of need.
  • Seniors should be educated in the use of phone/alarm/app to alert security or relatives in times of emergency. The police control room number should also be given to seniors. Everyone should keep the local police number on their mobile phones.


Will the provisions with regard to the police in the Amendment Bill of December 2019 help senior citizens feel more secure?

Yes, of course. With the dedicated staff in the police stations and in the headquarters, I am sure the senior citizens could expect more sensitized cops to attend to their problems with more alacrity. However, I would suggest that prevention is better than cure and senior citizens could take little more precautions to see that they are not harmed.

My Daughter, Kalpana Lajmi

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Lalitha Lazmi - Seniors Today
Lalitha Lajmi talks to Sushmita Bhattrai about Kalpana Lajmi, the brilliant filmmaker and maverick personality

“Art is like breathing; I can’t live without it.” Born into a Saraswat Brahmin family and brought up in Calcutta, sister to four brothers and the niece of the commercial artist BB Benegal, Lalitha Lajmi’s early inspiration in art comes from her grandmother’s room where she found oleographs of Raja Ravi Verma. Since then Lalitha always had the desire to be an artist. As children, every weekend their grandmother would take them to their uncle’s home on a tram and all the siblings (the Padukone’s and the Benegals) would spend the entire weekend watching films.

Visit uncle Benegal’s was another place of inspiration. The wall painted by him struck Gurudutt and Lalitha Padukone with awe, influencing their young creative minds. When Lalitha was five, uncle Benegal gave her a box of paints and made her participate in a painting contest where she won the first prize. For the first time, her name appeared in the newspaper, but before she could collect the prize, she was asked to come to the office and replicate her art as it looked too good to be true for a five-year-old. This angered uncle Benegal and he refused to put young Lalitha’s talent through a test. That was the beginning of her life as a painter.

However, Lalitha’s mother wanted her to become a classical singer and insisted that she learn classical music. Lalitha did learn and after a lot of insistence she performed some ragas at their community gathering in Calcutta. However, she was more inclined towards painting than singing. Stubborn Lalitha came home one day after her music class and kept her foot down saying, “No More Music, Art is all I want to do.

The family moved to Matunga in Mumbai (then Bombay). On most days Lalitha had a tough time agreeing with her mother on most things. But she was close to her grandmother. Soon a family friend found a suitor from the same community for her – a handsome seafarer for the beautiful Lalitha. The marriage was arranged and she moved to Colaba. Life as a painter after marriage became a little difficult as Lalitha’s in-laws disregarded her talent. She would often wait for them to leave to get back to her brushes. Once Lalitha bought home a canvas for herself with the money she was supposed to buy groceries with, and all hell broke loose. Life was a struggle but Lalitha looked forward to what was coming her way.

Raised with love

“When Kalpana was born I was looking forward to motherhood.”

Although Lalitha never liked the idea of being trained as an artist in an institute, she nevertheless decided to take up an art course. Meanwhile, Kalpana was conceived. Initially Lalitha was shy about her pregnancy as she was the only married girl in class. There were girls in her college who were pursuing all sorts of programmes while she was a housewife. That pinched her somewhere, but Lalitha was very fond of children. When Kalpana was born Lalitha and Gopi, her husband, were thrilled to have a baby girl although the in-laws were disappointed because they were hoping for a grandson. Kalpana was raised with a lot of love, a lot of attention and she was the only child for some time. Lalitha and Gopi gave her the best in their own way.

Coming from traditional families, for Lalitha and her husband everything was decided by their parents. However, when they became parents themselves, they believed in letting their children pursue their heart’s desire. Kalpana and Devdas were both brilliant in their own way and were clear about what they wanted to pursue from an early age. For Devdas it was shipping, probably inspired by his father’s career, while for Kalpana it was cinema.

Ambitious mother

“I wanted Kalpana to really do well in her career,” Lalitha reminisces. When Kalpana was in fourth grade, one of her teachers spotted her talent in dramatics and gave her a chance to play the lead in a play. She was brilliant in her studies and kept participating in school dramatics and elocution till she went to college. After schooling she went to St. Xavier’s College where Farooq Sheikh was among her seniors, and was part of a play directed by Farooq. She was fearless and passionate about drama.

Lalitha was too ambitious for daughter Kalpana. She did everything possible for Kalpana’s career – from introducing Kalpana to Enact, a drama journal and trying to get Kalpana to enrol for FTII, NSD and a scholarship at MIT, Boston for filmmaking. However, Kalpana kept refusing to be academically trained as a filmmaker. Like Lalitha, Kalpana also didn’t like the idea of going to an institute, she preferred learning the art of filmmaking practically, and started on the sets of Nishant along with uncle Shyam Benegal.

One evening at the Juhu residence of Atmaram, another of the Padukone brothers, Benegal brought home a recording by Bhupen Hazarika, a well-known and popular musician in Assam. Everybody was enthralled except the outspoken Kalpana, who didn’t approve.

Lalitha suggested that Atmaram should get Hazarika to do the music for his upcoming film Aarop, for which Hazarika came to Mumbai. One evening Atmaram invited Bhupen da to dinner and this resulted in an unexpected turn when Kalpana met him in person. It was love at first sight. She was carried away by the charm and voice of this gentleman, as old as her father, sitting across the dining table.

Kalpana’s story

Lalitha Lajmi: Kalpana was young, an 18-year-old who had fallen for a man who was the age of her father. She never told me anything back then; now of course I know. Kalpana fell in love that day at the dinner table. She grew to love Bhupen da. Around that time my sister-in-law Geeta had passed away. So the children would often spend time together, and I believe Kalpana used to meet Bhupen da with that excuse, which I didn’t know in the beginning. Bhupen da was then staying in a hotel somewhere in Khar or Santacruz. A theatre friend told me one day that Kalpana had been spending time with Bhupen da. At that point I didn’t know what to do. Now when I think of it I feel I was not a good mother because I didn’t know how to deal with such a thing. The friend also mentioned that Bhupen da was a person who had destroyed many women’s lives. He was not dependable and all this would never end in marriage.

Those days there were no mobiles of course, but we had a landline and Kalpana would spend hours talking on the phone. She wanted him desperately, she wanted to meet him, be with him. One morning she said, “Mummy, I am going to join Bhupen da in Calcutta. He is going to help me make a documentary on Bengali filmmaker D G Ganguly.” I didn’t question her about the relationship and I chose to believe she meant what she said. Kalpana further assured me that Arun, Gurudutt’s son, was also joining her. The documentary was made, Bhupen da did the music and Arun returned while Kalpana stayed back saying she was wrapping things up.

Gone for good

Those days Kalpana was in Calcutta, Devdas was in school and my husband was sailing. I was all alone in the house and it would get lonely. There wasn’t much to do. I didn’t have any friends there. It was difficult to find like-minded people. When Kalpana had left I thought she was coming back but I happened to open her cupboard and found that everything was gone. She had left for good. It came as a big shock and I burst into tears. I asked Shyam to write to her, and he did, asking her to come back and join him in film-making. She refused. I was teaching in a school that time and as soon as the vacation began, I left to get Kalpana back.

Kalpana had begun to live with Bhupen da openly. I tried to convince Kalpana to come back home with me. Yet she refused. The shock of not only her having left home for good but the way she was living crushed my heart. We had brought her up with such ideas and ambitions and there it was Bhupen da’s home, his way of thinking – and he was a difficult man. He would have mood swings, he had a temper, and he was an alcoholic. Though she says that her father was also a heavy drinker and she escaped from this home to another home thinking she will find happiness… but I don’t know, it felt the same. Bhupen da would always have a flask of alcohol with him.

I saw her living with all that. They didn’t get married then but she was living like a partner. In the beginning Bhupen da could not accept their relationship because he was conscious of his image. And Kalpana was a person who wanted things her own way; she was very bold and unconventional right from the beginning. She did not believe in marriage; she did not believe in many things. He was a brilliant man, no doubt about his genius, but when it came to life, I didn’t approve. As an artiste I admired him and always appreciated good work.

I wept and cried, kept on asking her “aren’t you coming home?” and she did not answer at all. In fact, the last day when I was leaving from Calcutta, she didn’t even come to see me off, Bhupen da showed up and he said “she will stay on with me.” I felt let down by Kalpana. Children don’t know what all parents go through to bring them up. I realised crying was of no use because she had already made up her mind. The first few months of living with Bhupen da she did not respond to us very much. And all I yearned for was to hear Kalpana’s voice.

Kalpana and Bhupen da lived together and she managed his life. Bhupen da would perform in shows and that was their livelihood. He gave music for her first documentary, and even later on all Kalpana’s films music was done by him. And people who loved him would say the film is doing so well because of Bhupen da’s music. Whatever the people were saying – the music enhanced the film. I used to feel that if she would have remained in Bombay, her life would have been better. She had already worked with Shyam and she was a talented girl, she was ahead of her times.

Years later there was a slump and Bhupen da wasn’t getting work. When everything began to slow down in Calcutta, Kalpana wrote to me saying she was coming back to Bombay.

Life in Mumbai

I used to go to film screenings at the Alliance Francaise, and there I met film critic Khalid Mohamed. He asked about Kalpana and I just said she was making some documentaries with Bhupen da, and she had finished her first feature film, Ek Pal. Khalid was on the selection panel at the NFDC, and suggested that Kalpana should send NFDC a script. Kalpana sent a script which was approved without a hitch, and finally she arrived in Bombay with Bhupen da.

This time Bhupen da was a different man. He had quit smoking, would drink only socially. Kalpana had a dominating personality and made sure she got what she wanted. They lived with me for 5-6 years. Bhupen da was a very interesting man – a storyteller, a poet, a charmer and a brilliant chef. He would make these amazing prawn curries. Those were the good times.

Later on after earning some money they invested in another house nearby, but Bhupen da became really unwell. He underwent surgery but eventually he passed away. I was there with Kalpana as always. I could never have my daughter be alone. She was grieving and that’s how she wrote a book on him.

I was beginning to feel invisible around Kalpana. One day I asked her, “Haven’t I done anything for you in life?” She simply said, “I can’t think of anything you did.” My life revolved around her to such an extent that I must have neglected Devdas, and what she said really hurt me. But I guess that’s the bitter truth of life, parents are taken for granted. Soon Kalpana was diagnosed with kidney cancer. She had to undergo dialysis and it was expensive. A lot of friends helped and the film industry stood by her in the beginning, but after a point it was not feasible; but fortunately Mediclaim came to the rescue. I was there watching my daughter fight the pain, fight helplessness. She kept pushing me away, probably she didn’t want her mother to go through the pain she was suffering. But I stayed by her side till the end and even then, I remember my daughter Kalpana was keener about the book launch than anything else.

A few days before she passed away, she said, “Mummy, I want to ask you something… am I going to die?”

I said, “Kalpana, you will not go first I will go first and then you will follow me.”

Little did I know that those were her last days. She never returned from the hospital.

 

Nirmala Sitharaman’s Budget, Dissected

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Budget 2020 - Dissected (Seniors Today)
Anil Harish examines the various components of the Union Budget and the implications for us

Every year the Finance Minister of India presents the Union Budget to Parliament. This consists of several components. One is the budgetary allocation for the Ministries and the various activities and schemes and another aspect is the manner of collection of revenue to meet the expenditure of the Government. One of the components of revenue collection is from Direct taxes, primarily, the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Every year, therefore, we see a large number of amendments being made to the Income-tax Act. In this year’s Finance Bill, the number of amendments proposed to be made to the Income-tax Act is as many as 103.

It is said that nothing is as certain as death and taxes! Therefore, we need to understand how some of these amendments affect us. 

An optional method of taxation

An optional method of taxation of income up to Rs. 15 lakhs has been provided for in the Finance Bill. At present, an individual or a HUF can avail of certain deductions such as for investment into Public Provident Fund or Life Insurance Policy or Medical Insurance or interest payable on the purchase of a house, etc. These deductions bring the taxable income down and thereby reduce tax.

However, a new system is now being proposed, but this will be an option. Under this new system, a person can opt not to claim these various deductions and pay tax at a reduced rate on the first Rs. 15 lakhs.

This can help some persons, particularly those who are not claiming deductions on account of PPF, etc. The maximum benefit that can be derived from this new optional tax regime is Rs. 78,000/- per year.

If a person does not have business income, then one can change the option from year to year. If, however, one does have business income, then there is a limitation on the change from year to year.

Each assessee must, therefore, look to his or her tax situation and work out which is better, whether to claim deductions and then pay, or not to claim deductions.

Real estate

There are several provisions relating to Real Estate.

One of these changes relates to determining the cost of acquisition of a property. If one had purchased an Immovable Property before 1.4.2001, then there is a benefit available under the Income-tax Act, i.e. to step up the cost to the value as on 1.4.2001. Normally, the Capital Gain is the Selling price minus the actual cost. However, the Government gives a benefit. This is to step up the cost from the figure of the actual cost to the value as on 1.4.2001. The amendment that is now being made is to say that the value as on 1.4.2001 is to be the value as per the Government’s figures for stamp duty, which, in Mumbai, is referred to as Reckoner value and in other places referred to as Circle Value, etc. If, therefore, the Government valuation as on 1.4.2001 was Rs. 5,000/- per sq.ft. then one can substitute that for the original cost. This can give a benefit to the assessee.

Another amendment is proposed with reference to Government valuation. At present, the law states that when a property is sold, the tax has to be paid by the Seller with reference to the Government Valuation or the actual transaction price, whichever is higher. There is only a margin of 5% allowable. If, therefore the Government valuation is Rs. 1 crore and if a property is sold for, say, Rs. 91 lakhs, then since the difference is more than 5%, the seller would have to pay tax as if he or she had received Rs. 1 crore. A buyer also would be deemed to have paid Rs.1 crore, even if he has actually paid only 91 lakhs. The Government now proposes to increase the “safe harbor” from 5% to 10% of the transaction value. So, if the Government valuation is Rs. 1 crore and you sell the property for, say, Rs. 91 lakhs, then Rs. 91 lakhs + 10% thereof, i.e. Rs. 9.1 lakhs would bring you to a total of Rs.100.1 lakhs. Since the Stamp valuation is within 10% of the transaction price, in such a case the seller will be allowed to pay tax with reference to the transaction value and the Government Valuation can be ignored.

Affordable housing

There is presently an exemption available from tax for a Developer of affordable housing, provided the construction permissions had been taken on or before 31.3.2020. This date is to be extended to 31.3.2021 and therefore, this will help Developers engaged in such projects.

An amendment to sec. 80EEA is also proposed. This states that a deduction for interest on a loan taken from a financial Institution for the acquisition of a residential house in an affordable housing project will be allowed up to the extent of Rs. 1,50,000/- per year. One of the present conditions is that the loan should have been sanctioned between 1.4.2019 and 31.3.2020. Now, this provision is to be amended to say that the loan may be sanctioned at any time up to 31.3.2021.

Taxation of dividend

The Finance Minister stated in para 116 of her Budget Speech that the removal of the Dividend Distribution Tax will lead to the government foregoing revenue of Rs. 25,000 crores.

This would make it appear that a bonanza is being given to Companies and tax-payers!

However, this is not so.

At present, if a Company earns say Rs. 1 crore, it first pays its Income-Tax. This may be about 25%. Then, it may declare Dividend and pay DDT (Dividend Distribution Tax) of about 20%. So if it declares dividend of say, Rs.63 lakhs, the DDT will be approximately Rs.12 lakhs. Then, if individuals receive this dividend of Rs.63 lakhs, there could be a Tax on them of about Rs.6 lakhs, so the net in hand is about Rs.57 lakhs.

The position for Companies receiving a dividend is on the same lines, but not identical.

The law now is to be amended to provide that there will be no DDT, but only regular tax in the hands of the recipient of the dividend.

So, if a Company earns Rs. 1 crore and pays, Rs.25 lakhs as its own Income Tax and distributes Rs.75 lakhs, this will be taxed in the hands of the recipient. If he or she is in the maximum bracket of 42.74%, then the Tax could be about Rs.31 lakhs! This will leave only Rs.44 lakhs with a highly taxed individual!

Of course, many shareholders will not be at the highest slab, and the rates of tax for companies are also different as are the rates for Non-Residents and for foreign companies, but reverting to the “classical” system, as the Government calls it, can mean much higher tax for many persons, and every shareholder will now once again have to have a proper account of dividend received, rather than merely treating it as exempt, or practically exempt, from Income-tax, as we are able to do now.

So, the Government is probably going to earn much more tax than what it says it is foregoing!

Non-residents

A person who is Non-Resident of India, on the basis of the number of days, as specified in the Income Tax Act, is liable to pay tax in India on the income earned in India but not on the income earned outside India.

An amendment to this well-established position was proposed, and this shocked many Non-Residents. The amendment proposed was that if an Indian Citizen is Non-Resident and is not liable to tax overseas on account of his residence or domicile outside India, then he would be deemed to be Resident and would be taxed on his world income.

A large member of Indians lives in the Middle East, where there is no Income-tax. All these persons would suddenly be deemed to be Resident and would be taxable in India on their world income, even if they do not spend a single day in India, and even though the income has no connection with India!

Shakespeare’s Hamlet’s question was “To be or not to be”. The question of NRIs now is “To be or not to be – an Indian Citizen”! Many actually have stated that they wish to give up Indian Citizenship rather than have to face laws such as these.

The Government has backtracked to some extent and said that this was not the intention and that people have misunderstood. Let us hope this proposed amendment is withdrawn.

Another important amendment for Non-Resident Indians and NR persons of Indian origin is that at present they can come on visits to India for up to 181 days in a Financial Year (April through March) and still retain their NR status. This is now proposed to be reduced to 120 days.

Penalty

Compliance and record-keeping are the names of the game nowadays.

There are already penalties provided for in the Income Tax Act, for numerous contraventions. An additional provision now will be section 271AAC.

This will state that if it is found that in the books of account maintained by any person, there is a false entry or an omission of any entry which is relevant for computation of total income of such person to evade tax liability, then a penalty of 100% of the amount of the false or omitted entry can be charged. The penalty will not be only with reference to the income-tax arising out of such transactions but to the full amount of such transactions or entries.

Accordingly, every assessee must be very careful and even an inadvertent mistake or omission can lead to huge penalties.

Charitable trusts

Even though a Charitable Trust may have ahead been registered with the IT department under section 12A or section 12AA, it will now have to register again, under section 12AB, and the application must be submitted by 31.8.2020.

Vivad Se Vishwas

Although there are many more amendments proposed, let us end on a positive note!

A new law called “the Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas Act, 2020” is to be passed.

The FM said that there are 4,83,000 tax appeals pending before the CIT(A), Tribunal, High Court and Supreme Court.

This law will enable an assessee to settle some of these appeals, by paying just the tax (and no interest or penalty) or 25% of the amount of a penalty, if a Declaration is made and the tax is paid by 31st March 2020.

If the tax or penalty is paid by 30th June then the amount payable will be higher, but there can still be a substantial reduction in liability, and more importantly, one can get peace of mind!

But in all these matters, do remember that the fine print is very important and in law, as in life, don’t take anything for granted!

The Evolution of Porn

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Porn are divided - Seniors Today
Good, bad or just ugly? Opinions on porn are divided, but that doesn’t stop the market flourishing. Sandeep Suri takes a look at the role of porn in one’s love life

It all had to start somewhere, but the ‘Venus of Willendorf’ from Austria – the 28,000-year-old sculpture of a nude woman – is one of the most well-known early erotic depictions. This find is perhaps the most famous example of so-called Venus figurines, followed by the ‘Kangjiashimenji Petroglyphs’ from northwest China, arguably the oldest piece of art in what is dubbed as pornography in today’s modern world. The artwork displays an explicitly wild orgy. As porn gradually evolved, came our own Kamasutra, this time it was more explicit and expressive. Through this book for the first time in the history of mankind, someone took a shot at what I call solving the ‘unique challenges’ of our bedrooms. However, it wasn’t until the 19th century that the concept of pornography as we know it today was understood.

Stark contrast

Through this brief article, I am making an attempt to give you a sense of the stark contrast between how to open things of a sexual nature were for the longest time, and how things have moved from the prehistoric era to the modern times. What used to be taboo and sinful is becoming more natural. The idea is to bring the facts into the light for building an informed viewpoint on the subject of porn.

Back to our evolution story… with time, people’s taste on porn continued to evolve and to much surprise, the world also continued to express it in different shapes and forms. As the accompanying images show, ancient natural art that looked like genitals has become big attraction for tourists.

As the taste of porn changed gradually, so was the depiction…fast forward-1951, the first X rated movie was released and in 1953 the print media revolutionized the Porn market with the launch of American magazine-Playboy and in its first publication, it was none other than Hollywood queen- Marilyn Monroe on the magazine cover that was aimed at men with the publication on female nudity. The pictures in Playboy didn’t leave anything to the imagination!

Cappadocia Rocks Turkey

Making it legal

Did you know-Denmark was the first country, way back in 1969 to legalize visual pornography, followed by the world’s first adult industry trade show, ‘Sex 69’, which drew an impressive crowd of 50,000 people.

Then came ‘Erotic electro stimulation’, also popularly known as sex toys. From stone dildos to hi-tech vibrators is how the sex industry has grown. This equipment started gaining popularity across the globe backed with sound technology, the porn market witnessed a new trend. As per the ‘grand view research’ report, the sex toys market size is valued at almost USD 26.5 billion and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.1%.

Here comes the digital delight’ era – with the proliferation of the internet, pornography was on steroids and it was no longer an outlier! What was earlier in the passive form became suddenly hyperactive. By now, the porn industry was completely revolutionised, commercialised, or should I say industrialised. But let’s not lose sight, this journey was not easy, it came with a social cost, it came with a social taboo and finally, with a lot of emotional complexities.

Our society has evolved in every aspect of life in the last many years- art, music, technology or even porn is NOT insulated from it. Apparently, society likes to remain ignorantly blissful instead of discussing real issues. What was considered taboo in our society is sometimes considered as a fashion statement now! However, I feel, discussing these taboo topics are necessary to not only find solutions to problems but to further our cultural intellect as a whole society. It’s only when we discuss topics openly can we tackle issues like how porn can affect people’s life. One can argue, porn can help normalizing desire, viewing porn can be a “safe” way to explore sexuality, it can also be treated as a way to explore and validate sexual desire.

Utah sandstone marvels in the Arches national park USA

Going too far

BTW, don’t get me wrong, I am not suggesting or advocating in favour of porn, but the problem with porn is that it goes too far at times! We have got to be clear what is real and what is scripted. Remember, when you’re watching a porn film, you’re watching a work of fiction. It’s no more spontaneous and natural. In fact, porn is full of toxic lies. Porn is artificial, It is pure fantasy, it is unnatural and synthetic. We deserve better than what porn has to offer. We deserve real love, untainted by the toxicity of pornography. Make no mistake, porn is a product and the ‘producers’ of porn dress up their product so well that it ends up inviting so much traffic to their websites that it becomes unimaginable at times.

Finally, it boils down to your personal choice. Porn can deliver you there at best, or disgust you at worst. It all depends on what you choose to watch. Porn, like many other things is a personal choice. If you enjoy porn and it doesn’t cause any issue, then by all means enjoy it. The temptations at all ages will come, with an occasional slip. But one should not be captivated by it. Of course, we have to maintain the right balance. After all, it’s a slippery slope!

Zhenfeng County, Guizhou China

Dating in your dotage

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Flirting at 40 - Seniors Today
Flirting at 40 is fun, but what happens when you’re 50 and being single hasn’t yet lost its tingle? – by Vidya Heble

Being single in your 20s, 30s and even 40s is fun. You’ve got the spring in your step and you can step out in spring as in any other season, confident that soon if not too late, you could be in a relationship that you never want to get out of.

But there are those of us who somehow find ourselves on top of that hill called 50, beginning our slide down or maybe halfway down already, all by our lonesome selves. I know there are plenty of people who don’t want to have another relationship – and some who don’t want one at all to begin with – but let’s talk here about us thirsty totterers. The senior singles.

We need support when getting up from a sofa. We worry about loo breaks – and then we worry about whether the loo is a proper Western one or that dreaded Indian one. (In the latter case, we are equipped with a series of exercise postures that won’t find their way onto these pages.) When it comes to dating, we worry about what to eat so it won’t affect our digestion. If it’s a lunch date, we think about how much time we will get for a nap afterwards. If it’s a dinner date – oh, the questions! What do we do after dessert? Should I drop a hint or wait for him to drop me home? What if he says “your place or mine” because my place is a mess and frankly I’d rather just go to sleep.

It’s good to meet people online, but be careful not to get
conned

And that’s after you’ve crossed the swirling rapids of Getting Ready For The Date. The clothes, the skin, the hair – women and possibly some men will know what that’s all about. Hair is greying, you have to colour it at the right time so that the roots don’t show and it doesn’t look “freshly painted” either. Nails have to be done – dark colour or light? (Passing thought: Is anyone going to look at my nails?) You have to look smart but you can’t wear something uncomfortable. No fidgeting about wishing you were in a salwar kameez on your best behenji behaviour. If only they made pyjamas fashionable. Come to think of it, that’s what palazzo pants are – hip pyjamas! Ok, that’s the outfit sorted.

‘Have you met…?’

Of course, that’s when you reach the dating stage. Before that is the whole rigmarole of finding someone and making the connection. The lucky ones among us have friends and family who help us to hook up. For the rest of us, it used to be a not-too-desperate-seeming glance through the Personal ads in the newspapers… until the advent of that glorious invention, the internet.

Though the early years of online dating and matchmaking sites were focused on younger people, it became clear quickly that age was no bar to e-hookups. Neither, apparently, was honesty! We’ve heard plenty of stories of people getting conned by online suitors – the victims are often older women, but senior men to get hoodwinked. When you can’t see who’s at the other end, it’s a risk one has to take.

Safer, then, to stick with “matches” in your own city. Alas, society is still so blinkered that many women are hesitant to meet on their home turf for fear of being misjudged in case “someone sees”. Still, times have changed quite drastically, and almost no one looks askance at an older couple who don’t “look married”, going out together. Stories such as the news of actress Suhasini Mulay getting married at the age of 60 are massively encouraging, of course.

Catching the match

How does one find, and catch, that date? All things considered, I would say that honesty and frankness is the best bet. While taking care not to put yourself in a vulnerable or compromising position, of course. And a dash of unexpected humour can help, as I discovered when I met someone – oh, ages ago. When I mentioned being divorced he asked, “Kids?” “No,” I replied, and added on the spur of the moment, “but I have lots of books.” He haha-ed, and was apparently hooked by that. We had a very nice relationship for three years, which ended with a change of location. There were no promises and no expectations, so we parted (and remain) friends.

Togetherness is that elusive quality in a relationship

Perhaps a relationship without promises and the related baggage is the ideal one, after all. But the natural instinct of the human mind is to seek constancy, which is often a scary prospect for those of us who have been burned once, or more than once. So we dither, seeking commitment and yet afraid of it, dancing around the edges of might-have-beens, haunting chatrooms and social media sites.

Of course, the drawback of chatting is that there is a gap between those of us who use complete sentences and those who resort to shorthand, often unnecessary and sometimes confusing. I know someone in Mumbai who was chatting with a woman who said “m in krla”. He was thrilled, as he lives in Ghatkopar and he thought she said “Kurla”. When he suggested meeting, she said she meant the state, Kerala. Poor guy felt as if he had bitten into a krla (karela).

You can cook up something interesting at any age!Home alone

It is indeed, at times, bitter – the feeling of loneliness and needing a companion. At the same time, taking that step into a relationship is such a big move that people increasingly prefer a solo life. One of the newspapers, in the run-up to Valentine’s Day, featured such singletons-by-choice. What is sad is that they’re all young. One young woman said she is 23 and feels jaded. I don’t know whether to laugh or despair. At 23, my life was just beginning!

Not just in print, online too I see 20-and-30-somethings talking about being tired of the relationship chase. Ah, but the fun is in the chase, I long to tell them. Except that they’ll probably scoff at this aunty giving them gyaan. Somewhere in the social media maze, a chap talks about a dating attempt and mentions being an “old guy”. He doesn’t seem that old, so out of curiosity, I message to ask him his age. He replies “33” and I laugh, both to myself and in the chat. “I’ll be 34 in a couple of months,” he says helpfully.

Hell, maybe we seniors are the really young ones, after all, I think, and begin Googling “dating sites for seniors”. Never say die!

You can cook up something interesting at any age!

What is Love?

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Khalil Gibran - Seniors Today
Manoj Maheshwari has a brief chat with Khalil Gibran on the vexing question

The editor said: Write me a piece on Love….

Love….what can I say about love? What can I pen that is not corny or hackneyed? I was in a
real quandary and at my wits end….and then a bulb lit up……

I decided to call Khalil Gibran….the man whose philosophy made a whole generation feel
intellectual and uplifted…..surely if anyone knew about love it was HE….and so I picked up
my magical device and called the Prophet himself….

The signal whirled through ether and unknown dimensions and then….. a deep voice
answered…. “This is Khalil…how may I enlighten you?”…

I was in conversation with the Master himself….and hopefully asked: “Oh Master, what is the
true essence of love?”

I waited for the literary pearls of wisdom and a philosophical soliloquy, but… the answer
was nothing like I imagined…

“Love my son? Do you still try to unravel the vagaries and mysteries of love? Were my
teachings not enough to show you the light?”

As I had but a hazy recollection of the teachings of the Great One…I hedged my bets…” Oh
Master, I do seek pardon….I have imbibed your teachings….”….Google came to my rescue
as I continued “When love beckons to you follow him, Though his ways are hard and steep.
And when he speaks to you believe in him, Though his voice may shatter your dreams as the
north wind lays waste the garden. For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you…….”

By now, I was even more confused about the concept of love and seriously questioning my
sanity in calling Khalil Gibran for the true essence of love….

There was silence for a moment and then a small laugh….”In the material world, we are all
given to pontificating….writing in a manner that most people think is intellectual….we need
to market and sell ourselves…but now? Now I can truly give you my interpretation of love….

Love is a spontaneous joy within a person. It needs to come from within and is neither
binding nor possessive… love does not impose but liberates… Love is not selfish nor can it
be contaminated by hate, jealousy, doubts, anger, or possessiveness.

Love cannot be intellectualized or analyzed – love is all heart and true emotions – an ecstasy
beyond description…”

Is this me? Or Khalil Gibran? Or love itself? I can’t say…. all I can say – Love can’t be taught or
learned…it is in each one of us, we need to find it and define the experience for ourselves…

Tales of Eternal Love

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Tales of Eternal Love
The immortal love story, often doomed, is an integral part of Indian history and
folklore – By Deepa Gahlot

Of all the stories that pass down the ages, love stories are the most popular, perhaps even
more than tales of valour. Here are 18 immortal love stories—from history, mythology and
literature.

1 Radha-Krishna
For a society as conservative as ours, the love between Radha and Krishna raised no
eyebrows—they are worshipped together and her name always precedes his. She was
married to another man, but was devoted to Krishna all her life, even though they never
met after he left Gokul. Folklore is replete with stories and poems about their romance.

2 Salim-Anarkali
Films like Anarkali (1953) and Mughal-e-Azam (1960) have celebrated the romance between
Mughal Prince Salim and a courtesan, for whom he went into battle against his father, the
mighty Emperor Akbar. The story, like many others ended in tragedy with Anarkali being
buried alive, though another version has Akbar allowing her to escape through a tunnel as
Salim lies in a drugged sleep.

3 Shahjahan-Mumtaz Mahal
The world’s favorite monument to love, the Taj Mahal was built by Emperor Shahjahan for
his beloved Mumtaz Mahal. Stories have it, that when she died (in childbirth) his hair turned
grey overnight in grief.

4 Laila-Majnu
This tragic love story of Arabic origin had Qais go mad in love for Laila, so that he came to be
known a Majnu (crazy), a word that has passed into common language to describe a man
besotted by a woman. Laila was forcibly married to another man, and some versions of the
story have her die of heartbreak, and Majnu falling dead by her grave.

5 Heer-Ranjha
The famous Waris Shah poem has Heer and Ranjha suffer many travails—her marriage to
another man, his wandering the countryside as an ascetic; when they are about to be
reunited, a jealous uncle gives Heer a poisoned laddoo; Ranjha consumes a piece of the
same and dies by her side.

6 Sohni-Mahiwal
Like many love stories, social differences come in the way of the love between Sohni and
Mahiwal. She is married to another, but keeps meeting Mahiwal by swimming across the
river using an inverted earthen pot. One night her sister-in-law replaces it with a pot
unbaked clay, which dissolves in water and she drowns. Mahiwal jumps into river and
drowns too, reunited with his beloved in death.

7 Sassui-Punnun
A prince falls in love with Sassui, a washerman’s daughter. He convinces her family of his
love and is married to her, but her brothers drug him and send him back to his village. When
Sassui realises what has happened, she runs barefoot across the desert calling his name.
When a shepherd tries to take advantage of the distraught girl, she prays for the earth to
swallow her. Later, Punnun dies at the same spot.

8 Dhola-Maru
Prince Dhola and Princess Maru are married in childhood, but when his father dies in battle,
he forgets about the marriage and weds Malwani. A group of folk singers from Maru’s
hometown remind Dhola of his first marriage. He remembers and overcoming all hurdles,
gets back with Maru, in one of the few love stories from folklore that have a happy ending.

9 Jesal-Toral
This folk tale from Gujarat tells of the love of a pious woman Toral, who reforms bandit
Jesal. Their shrines are in Anjar (Kutch) and are believed to move closer every year; locals
say that when they come together, the world will end.

10 Mirza-Sahiban
The family of Sahiban opposed her romance with Mirza and fixed her marriage to another.
On the day of the wedding she eloped with Mirza. The enraged bridegroom and her brothers rode after them in pursuit. When the two stopped to rest and he fall asleep, she
broke his arrows, hoping to prevent bloodshed. But her brother did not have mercy on them
and slaughtered them both.

11 Bajirao-Mastani
Peshwa Bajirao fell in love with Mastani, the daughter of Bundela king and an Iranian
woman. In spite of fierce opposition from his family, he married her. So great was their love
that when he died in battle, she committed suicide.

12 Prithviraj-Samyukta
King Prithviraj Chauhan was in love with Samyukta, the daughter of his rival Jaichand. To
insult Prithviraj, Jaichand arranged a swayamvara for Samyukta and invited every royal male
except Prithviraj. He got a clay statue of Prithviraj made and placed it at the gate like a
doorman. Samyukta put the garland on the statue, behind which Prithviraj was hiding and
they rode away together. Later, when Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj in battle, she
committed jauhar.

13 Quli Qutub Shah-Bhagmati
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah fell for a beautiful Hindo commoner, Bhagmati. He married
her against all odds, renamed her Hyder Mahal and established the city of Hyderabad for
her.

14 Baz Bahadur-Roopmati
The town of Mandu in Madhya Pradesh is redolent with the romance between King Baz
Bahadur and the accomplished poetess-singer Roopmati. Besotted by her, he neglected his
duties as ruler, and Emperor Akbar sent his general Adham Khan to attack the kingdom. Baz
Bahadur fled leaving Roopmati alone. Rather than submit to Adham Khan, she committed
suicide.

15 Amrapali-Bimbisara
Amrapali, the famed courtesan of Vaisali, fell in love with King Bimbisara of the enemy
kingdom of Magadh, ignorant of his real identity. When Bimbisara asked her to come with
him, she refused, but was imprisoned as a traitor anyway. Horrified at the bloodshed that
followed his attempt to rescue her, she renounced the world and became a follower of Lord
Buddha.

16 Noorjehan-Jehangir
Emperor Jehangir was so smitten by Mehr-un-Nissa, that he had her husband killed, married
her and renamed her Noor Jahan. She became his chief consort and ruled alongside him for
many years.

17 Momal-Rana
Momal and Rana Mahendra of Umer Kot fell in love. He would ride a camel to Jaisalmar and
back every night to meet her. When his family came to know, they broke the legs of the
camel. Mahendra took another camel but got lost. Momal waited from him, and got one of
her sisters to dress as a man and sleep by her side. When Rana finally arrived and saw this,
he left in a rage. To convince him of her innocence, she jumped into a fire. A shocked
Mahendra joined her death by burning himself in the same fire.

18 Razia Sultan-Yakut
One of the few female Muslim rulers in India, Razia Sultan ascended the throne after the
death of her father in spite of severe opposition by court nobles, but history records her
downfall due to her love for a former slave, Yakut, a man of Abyssinian origin.

19 Savitri- Satyavan

This story is part of Indian folklore as an example of a wife’s devotion. Savitri married Satyavan despite being warned that he would die soon, then matched with with Yama to bring him back from the dead.

20 Man Singh- Mrignayani:
The love of Raja Man Singh for a Gujar tribal woman, Mrignayani, who he married against severe opposition, is famous in Madhya Pradesh, where Gujar Mahal that he built for her still stands. They had a passion for music in common, and he named Gujar Todi after her.

Grandpa Surfing The Net

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When The Mind is Willing - Seniors Today
For people experiencing more and more ‘senior moments’, online gratification is
probably best – By Kersie Gandhi.

Then

Porn then was simply a ‘State of Existence’ for most male teenagers.

A red haze of ever-present lust; the inability to focus on anything other than the ever
throbbing fiery lump in one’s pants that blocked out every emotion other than hunger; the
utter helplessness in grappling with the Demon named ‘Raging Hormones’ aka “Electric
Hips”; the willingness to hump anything even vaguely female, to name a few of the
symptoms that made sure everything was porn.

Even the subject ‘Vitamins & Hormones’ was viewed as a porn statement, in that one
couldn’t hear a Vitamin but one could hear a Hormone.

It was a time of life when every swaying hip or pigtail, every photograph of a filmi siren,
even the humble doughnut could cause flushing, sweating and heavy breathing.

It is left to the imagination of the reader, what effect an hour viewing the Khajuraho pics
would have had. Playboy sent more young boys rushing to the loo than all the Purgolax ever
made.

In retrospect, it was a colossal waste of energy but we were truly alive then. Youth is truly
wasted on the young.

Now

Alas! In the absence of the Demon ‘Raging Hormones’, the muscle that porn excites has
relocated itself between the ears. The target has moved a fair distance upwards; the
targeting has not. Internet porn sites are easy to find and many are free to watch. And,
older men, especially, are quick to take advantage of the variety of internet porn available
today.

Since many porn sites are free, they easily fall within the budget of older men. These sites
offer an ever-changing variety that will attract the male brain. From the male perspective,
variety is the spice of life. The male becomes tired quickly after having sexual relations with
a single female. Just like reading the same old girly magazine, again and again, is simply
boring.

But the internet is an entirely different matter. A male will revive quickly when presented
with a new female. This variety is what makes internet porn sites so stimulating and
addicting for males. A new scene with new actors is presented to keep male viewers excited
and glued to the screen.

When nothing is left to the imagination, porn just leaves me with an inferiority complex. I
mean, if I merely wanted to see a charging stud with his equipment hanging to his knees, I'd
visit the racecourse and feel some excitement along with actually having a chance of coming
up a winner!

Unfortunately for me, the mind is willing but the flesh is not (sorry Shakespeare).

Romance on the screen

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Cover Image - Romance and the Hindi Film Song (Seniors Today)
Deepa Gahlot casts an eye on Bollywood love over the years

Unlike Western movies, romance is part of the Bollywood movie package. Even the angry young
man and vigilante antihero have a love interest. But obviously some movies stand out above others
for their concentration on romance, and this is not counting the classic love stories. So, here’s a list
of 20 movie romances — some personal favourites, some box-office hits. Also, we count just one
film per director, or the list would be dominated by a few.

1) Karma (1933): The film that has gone down in movie history as the one with the longest liplock
ever. The film, directed by John Hunt and produced by Himanshu Rai, who also starred with Devika
Rani, was a bilingual that did better in its international English version. The love story was between a
princess, who falls in love with the prince of a neighbouring kingdom, whose father disapproves of
her due to her modern ideas of ruling.

2) Devdas (1955): Bimal Roy’s film based on a Saratcandra Chattopadhyay story (turned into film
several times in multiple languages) is about the eponymous hero (Dilip Kumar), who, on losing Paro
(Suchitra Sen), the love of his life due to his own cowardice, drowns his sorrow in drink, and
somehow earns the devotion of a naucth girl Chandramukhi (Vyjayanthimala).

3) Kashmir Ki Kali (1964): This Shakti Samanta film starring Shammi Kapoor and Sharmila Tagore
represents a whole lot of fluffy romances set in Kashmir; this was a love story between a spoilt rich
brat and a flower girl in Kashmir, with family complications and old enmities thrown in.

4) Guide: (1965): Vijay Anand’s masterpiece was about a tourist guide (Dev Anand) who falls in love
with a dancer (Waheeda Rehman) straining at the leash of an oppressive marriage; he helps her
escape and build a career, but a misunderstanding breaks them apart.

5) Andaz (1971 ) Ramesh Sippy’s film was a bold-for-its-time love story between a widower (Shammi
Kapoor) and an unwed mother (Hema Malini), brought together by their children.

6) Reshma Aur Shera (1971): Sunil Dutt directed and starred in this violent love story between
Shera and Reshma who belong to enemy tribes, and when they are discovered there is a chain of
death and devastation.

7) Pakeezah (1972): Kamal Amrohi’s film, long in the making, became a superhit because of Meena
Kumari’s tragic death a few days after its release. The film with its wonderful music is a love story
between a nawab and a courtesan that is thwarted by social conventions, but her daughter (Meena
Kumari in a double role) attracts a forest ranger, Salim (Raaj Kumar), who was given the
unforgettable line "Aapke paaon dekhe, bahut haseen hain. Inhein zameen par mat utariyega…
maile ho jaayenge (I saw your feet – they are very beautiful. Please don't step on the ground, as they will get dirty).

8) Bobby (1973): Raj Kapoor made many romantic movies, but the love story between rich boy (Rishi
Kapoor) and poor daughter of a fisherman (Dimple Kapadia) had all the innocence and heartache of
young love.

9) Chitchor (1976) : In Basu Chatterjee’s charming and simple film, in which a young woman (Zarina
Wahab) falls in love with a man (Amol Palekar), who she mistakenly believes is the match chosen for
her; then the real bloke (Vijayendra Ghatge) arrives, and she is caught in a dilemma.

10) Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981): In K Balachander’s superhit, Kamal Haasan as a South Indian boy
and Rati Agnihotri as a North Indian girl face the full force of parental opposition to their romance.
Their deaths in the end, reportedly triggered off a chain of me-too suicides.

11) Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988): Mansoor Khan reworked Romeo And Juliet into a young
love story set in Rajasthan with two warring Thakur clans coming in the way of the love between Raj
(Aamir Khan) and Rashmi (Juhi Chawla).

12) Maine Pyar Kiya (1989): Sooraj Kumar Barjatya makes his directorial debut, giving Salman
Khan his first major role opposite Bhagyashree, in a love story that strove to defy class barriers,
when rich guy Prem has to prove his love for Suman by earning money by the sweat of his labour
and proving himself worthy of her.

13) Ashiqui (1990): Mahesh Bhatt cast newcomers Rahul Roy and Anu Agarwal in a complicated
romance between an unhappy young man and an orphaned girl, the music (Nadeem Shrawan) of
which remains its highlight.

14) Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995): Voted as one of the most popular films of all time,
Aditya Chopra’s debut had strictly brought up Simran (Kajol) and her earnest suitor Raj (Shah Rukh
Khan) melt the hard heart of her father (Amrish Puri).

15) Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998): Karan Johar’s debut as director had an unusual love triangle, in
which a dead woman (Rani Mukerji) reunites old friends (Shah Rukh Khan-Kajol) through letters she
left for her daughter, aware that she had been instrumental in breaking the heart of her
collegemate.

16) Kaho Naa Pyar Hai (2000): Hrithik Roshan made a grand debut in his father Rakesh
Roshan’s film, playing a double role as the man Sonia (Ameesha Patel) loves; when he is murdered
she meets his lookalike, who not just mends her shattered heart, but helps bring the killers to
justice.

17) Veer Zaara (2004) Yash Chopra is known as the king of romance, and has made several love
stories, but this one which was one of the last he directed, was a heart-tugging tragedy about an
Indian pilot (Shah Rukh Khan), who falls for a Pakistani woman (Preity Zinta) and spends a lifetime in
a prison across the border on false charges, till a lawyer (Rani Mukerji) gets him to tell his story and
helps free him.

18) Jab We Met (2007): Imtiaz Ali has specialised in love stories, but he got the formula right
with this film in which the chatterbox Geet (Kareena Kapoor) brings the depressed Aditya (Shahid
Kapoor) out of his shell, and when she is broken by the betrayal of her boyfriend, he brings sunshine
back into her life.

19) The Lunchbox: (2013): Ritesh Batra’s moving film was a romance between a lonely
housewife and a solitary office worker, conducted via notes in his lunchbox that got exchanged
by mistake.

20) Goliyon Ki Raasleela…Ram-Leela (2013): Sanjay Leela Bhansali favours extravagant
romances, this film starring Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh is a retelling of Romeo and Juliet,
set in Gujarat amidst the violence between two tribes.

 

Love for Sale

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Heart Corzaon - Seniors Today
One of the most potent emotions people can feel, love, is a favorite ploy with
advertisers the world over – by Prabhakar Mundkur

“Love for Sale, appetizing young love for sale,” crooned the jazz singers of yesteryears while
improvising on the Cole Porter classic. Someone once said 90% of the songs composed are
about love. Quite possible. Hate is best expressed only on Twitter and while discussing
politics.

But how has love been portrayed in advertising through the years? The Wills filter, Made for
Each other, Polish Jokes ad, I am told is one of the longest-running campaigns in the history
of Indian advertising. They captured the back page of magazines for something like ten
years in a row! The emotional logic in the ad followed the product logic, which was a tobacco
and filter perfected matched. The perfect match just like a couple made for each other.

Love is Blind

Of course, some brands are just made for love. DeBeers for example. Because a diamond is
given as a token of love. And a diamond is a woman’s best friend as they say.

When De Beers had exhausted the idea of men giving women diamonds they started
suggesting that women could begin to give men diamonds, which led to this ad.

Love has the effect of making you feel exalted and elevated because of the effect it has on
your brain. Love is known to make a few key hormones make it an enjoyable pleasure. No
surprise then that advertisers have capitalized on it, just like the movies. Love stories are
almost always a hit.

And then are the accompanying emotions with love, that of sex and arousal typically the
domain of products like condoms and deodorants. Axe for example has always been
positioned as the deodorant that makes you attractive to the members of the opposite sex.
But they usually treat their TV ads with a bit of humor and the attraction is always very
tongue-in-cheek so it normally brings a smile to your face. But Durex ads get a bit too vulgar
for my liking. Somehow, they are just making bad jokes that don’t you really smile like this
one.

But typically romance in advertising tries to project that the product or service will increase
the attachment between male and female partners. Close-up is a good example. Fresh
breath that brings couples closer and gives them the confidence to kiss. Although Close-up ads showed couples kissing, in the Indian and Asian versions couples are shown close to
each other for cultural reasons.

So how does romance as an appeal stack up against appeals? Well, perhaps it is only one of
the twenty or so appeals that advertising uses. Neuroscience says that romance helps to
draw their long-term memory of our brands. There is no doubt that romance stirs up
emotional responses. Love is one of the most potent emotions people can fee. No wonder
then, that it is the favorite ploy of some advertisers the world over.

A Fact-Check on What Causes Cancer

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Cancer cells - Seniors Today

Know about cancer-causing Myths vs. Facts

Cancer occurs when normal cell growth is disrupted causing uncontrollable cell growth and tumour. The factors causing cancer can vary from harmful environmental substance that may seem harmless, viral or genetic factors. There are many myths vs. facts about things that can cause cancer. Here is a list of substances that you should be at the lookout.


Sweeteners vs Sugar

  • Sweeteners are 600 times sweeter than sugar, so a little goes a long way. Studies have shown that saccharin (artificial sweetener) causes bladder cancer in rats however, subsequent studies have shown no correlation between sweetener and human cancer. It is considered safe to consume in limited quantity.
  • Sugar on the other hand fuels tumour growth, cancer feeds on sugar. It can actively damage cell growth and raises the risk of cancer. Sugar does not only comes from desserts but also from what you eat – fruit (fructose), vegetables (glucose), dairy products (lactose) and carbs (rice, bread, pasta), hence it is important to know what you eat.


Plastic bottles vs BPA free bottles

  • Plastic bottles that we use for drinking water contains bisphenol A also known as BPA. It is a chemical used in food containers, although BPA is poorly soluble in water some research shows that BPA seeps into food from containers. Exposure to BPA is a health concern – it affects the formation of nerve cells in the brain.
  • An alternative to using plastic containers is going BPA free. There are a variety of BPA free containers manufactured these days. You may also use glass, porcelain, or stainless steel contains instead.


Coffee vs Scalding hot water

  • A recent study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that coffee has no substantial effect on developing cancer. The research suggests that coffee can protect from the risk of some types of cancer – liver, prostate, uterus, skin, mouth and throat.
  • Cancer may occur by consistently drinking scalding hot beverages as it initiates constant irritation of the body surface (lining of the mouth & throat). Prolonged consumption of scalding hot beverages (above 65 DG C) can cause esophageal cancer.

Deodorants vs Antiperspirants

  • Deodorants target armpit bacteria that creates odor but then do not clog the pores. It contains paraben which acts like estrogen after being absorbed by the body. However, parabens used in cosmetic products are weak and not enough to increase the risk of cancer. You may opt for products that are paraben-free.
  • Antiperspirants contain aluminum chloride that prevents toxins to flush from the body. It prevents the sweat gland from releasing sweat. These toxins then clog up lymph nodes around the armpits and can cause breast cancer.

Powerline vs X-Rays

  • Powerlines give off extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation, which should be pretty safe but can still be a cause for concern. And it’s not just power lines that emit ELF radiation either – all electronic devices that use, make or send electricity do the same. Experts say you should stay at arm’s length from all electronic devices.
  • Low doses of X-rays are bad for you and will raise your risk of getting cancer. That’s why they give you a lead blanket. The higher the dose of radiation you receive, the higher your risk.

Feeling Lonely? Phone-A-Friend, Sometimes

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Feeling Lonely - Seniors Today

Perhaps its time to rekindle an old friendship

A nagging feeling of something bad is going to happen or feeling a bit low than usual, or just feeling lonely. Arguments that may have caused a hangover and unhappiness slowly creeping over. Something is making you feel isolated and lonely. It could also happen if your support system has dwindled or if you have lost touch with people you miss or care about.

What do you do on a day when things don’t feel right? Phone-a-friend. This option is available to you without participating in “Kaun Banega Crorepati” and without Amitabh Bachchan giving it to you. Cheer up and call some old friends, talk about family and gossip hell of a lot. It will make you feel lighter as if you got all your problems off your chest.

Life is short if you feel that something has gone wrong over the years forget about it, apologize and you could be able to restore the friendship that was gone for good. Don’t put it off, reach out to them. It will be great talking of old times.

Very often we lose track with people, friends, cousins, friends of a cousin whom we have known all along – from childhood days, college days; identify them and give them a call.

There are various reasons when people walk out of each other’s lives. Death, falling out, moving out. Sometimes we isolate ourselves or alienate other people, even old friends who we used to love. Often priorities change and that means letting some people go. That is life gets busy, people move away, change jobs, have kids. Suddenly who meant a lot is no longer around. Whatever the reasons, sometimes we look around and realize that we just don’t have enough people loving us as we were used or we need. It’s never understood by us how much love do we need and why aren’t we getting it.

Call an old friend who goes back to growing up years. She/He is a person who makes the world a better place. Who makes you want to make the world a better place and remind you of what love, compassion, family/biradari (community) is all about, often you reach out to each other and reminisce the good old days.

Sometimes we connect with people without understanding the reason why we connect or what they mean to us. If they have gone out of our lives there is a vacuum that is difficult to define. They could be a transfer to another city, in-laws, family pressure, something just happens and the relationship slowly fades.

It’s time to rekindle old friendships especially for senior citizens who could be lonely in their lives.  Friends who could bring love, hope, and support to each other. We always don’t have control over people disappearing from our lives and sometimes there is no way to get them back. People we love die, you could remember them, have fond memories but unfortunately, they cannot reappear. That’s the bad news. The good news is that you can connect with people who are around and for that, you don’t need Amitabh Bachchan to Phone-A-Friend.

Pick up the phone and call that friend of yours, let’s rekindle.

5 Ways to Manage Stress As You Get Older

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Stress Management - Seniors Today

Coping stress with age becomes troublesome.

Increased heart rate, tensed muscles, perspired body, heavy breathing are signs of feeling stressed. In today’s day and age we all experience stress from time to time. We feel stressed when we find ourselves in an unpleasant or uncomfortable or unfamiliar situations. As we age, the cells in our body begin to affect the fitness of heart and declines the capacity of lungs. Hence coping with stress for seniors can become troublesome.

When the body feels stressed it releases hormones such as – Cortisol, a stress hormone that controls mood, motivation and fear. It also boost energy to handle stress, controls sleep cycle, reduces inflammation, and regulates blood pressure; Adrenaline, it is a neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal gland. A chemical messenger in the brain that is secreted when the body senses danger. It increases alertness, makes the heart beat faster and produces changes in the body – maximises glucose levels primarily in the brain; and Noradrenaline, also known as norepinephrine. It is a neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal gland that produces effects such as increased blood pressure, widening of pupils, widening of air pages in the lungs and narrowing of blood vessels. These hormones are referred to as a ‘Fight or Flight’ chemical, as they are responsible for the body to perform well in stressful situations.

There are two kinds of stress: Acute & Chronic.

  • Acute Stress – The kind we experience day today. It is short term stress that doesn’t stay for long. It is usually experienced when you have a fight with your partner or driving down a steep slope or when you do something new. Acute stress helps tackle a situation that feels dangerous.
  • Chronic Stress – The kind where stress becomes part of the living. It is long term stress that lasts for weeks or months or more. Chronic stress can become part of your life without you realizing its existence. This kind usually includes money problems, an unhappy life or a loved one’s death. If chronic stress is not addressed at the right time it may lead to health problems. Also, if you already have health conditions, chronic stress will worsen it.

Here are 5 ways to manage stress as you get older.

  1. Exercise – It is essential for your physical and mental health to exercise at 30 minutes a day. It could be your routine morning walk or some light exercises. Exercise will not only keep your body active but also improves your overall wellbeing and help reduce the symptoms of stress.
  1. Wellbalanced meal – A nutritious meal is a must to counterbalance the impact of stress by strengthening the immune system. Vitamin C, complex carbohydrate, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for stress reduction. These nutrients should be part of your meal. You may also indulge in some good quality dark chocolate, as it can improve cognitive function and mood. A cup of green tea – chamomile, mint, passionflower, barley tea and valerian root, will help you relieve stress.
  1. Relaxation techniques – Guided meditation, restorative yoga, and tai-chi are some of the relaxation techniques that will help you tune your body as you breathe. You can attend a workshop available in your area or you may watch tutorials on YouTube. You can practice the technique that suits you the best for three days a week, to begin with.
  1. Pick up a hobby – Keeping yourself occupied with a new hobby will help your mind focus on the good. A hobby will uplift your mood and keep stress at bay. If you are not sure of the hobby you would like to try, you can always look-up in the newspaper for an upcoming creative workshop happening around.
  1. Family & Friends – One of the best ways to keep stress from stressing you are spending quality time with family & friends. A hearty laugh with your friends in the park or watching television with family or telling stories to your grandchildren – being surrounded by loved ones is the key to a stress-free living.

Lastly, if you get caught off guard with stress try this breathing exercise – inhale slowly, mentally count 1-2-3-4 and then exhale slowly, counting 4-3-2-1.

Seniors need to be extra careful of the Novel Coronavirus

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Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) - Seniors Today E-magazine
An infection can cause pneumonia by spreading to the lower respiratory tract

News of strange, unheard-of viruses surfacing is not new over the last few decades. We’ve had our share of scares in India too with Sars, Nipah, Ebola and the like.

The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is a new virus that is said to have started in Wuhan, China. It is the cousin of the more popular Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus (outbreak in Southern China, 2002) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus (outbreak in Saudi Arabia, 2012). Senior Citizens need to be particularly careful especially those with heart conditions and weakened immune systems especially since the coronavirus infection can cause pneumonia by spreading to the lower respiratory tract.

The virus is reported to have originated in the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China. The virus first appeared last month (December 2019) and now threatens to become a global epidemic. At the end of December, public health officials from China reported the World Health Organisation: an unknown, new virus causing pneumonia-like illness in the city of Wuhan.

Coronaviruses mostly affect animals and do not spread to human beings. However, there are seven strains of this virus – 2019-nCoV being the seventh, which can affect humans. It is not clear from which animal the virus originated from. Based on the genetic code of the virus, one team of researchers in China published a report that it may have come from snakes. However, scientists are skeptical of the conclusion. Another analysis found that the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV is 96% identical to SARS and MERS that originated in bats. Hence like other coronaviruses (SARS & MERS) — Novel coronavirus can only jump between people who come in close contact with each other, and is highly contagious.

The symptoms of 2019-nCoV are very much similar to upper respiratory infection.

  • Runny Nose
  • Coughing
  • Sore throat
  • Fever

Here is what you can do to prevent yourself from these viruses. You can treat a coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold.

  • Keep your hands clean. Wash them regularly with soap and warm water. You may keep a hand sanitizer handy.
  • Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.
  • Refrain being around people with a respiratory infection.
  • Food Safety is a must. Keep separate knives and chopping boards for raw meat and vegetables. Wash vegetables thoroughly before using them.
  • Take ample rest.
  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • To help ease a sore and scratchy throat, use a humidifier or have a steamy shower.

As the epidemic of Coronavirus rises globally, India confirms its first 2019-nCoV case. The patient is from Kerala and a student at Wuhan University.

Seniors to take extra caution and preventive measures.
To read more about the latest situation click on the link –
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports

 

Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) advice for the public – World Health Organization

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Joy in Running: Seniors @ Tata Mumbai Marathon 2020

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TMM 2020 - Seniors Today

We spoke to a cross-section of senior citizens at the Tata Mumbai Marathon 2020 held on January 19.

Photographs by Dev Kumar

The 17th edition of Tata Mumbai Marathon was flagged off at 5:15 a.m. near the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus on Sunday, January 19. Around 55,000 people participated, of which 1022 were part of  the 4.2km Senior Citizens Run, a non-timed fun run meant for seniors. The enthusiasm of all the runners – seasoned, amateur, seniors and celebrities – created a fun atmosphere.

We had the opportunity to speak to some of the runners who completed the Senior Citizens Run and their will to remain active was truly the highlight of the day.

 

Satish Vivhare
Satish Vivhare

Satish Vivhare, 75. A mining engineer, worked in offshore oil production in the Gulf for 20 years and is now happily retired. He has been a runner since his school days and has immense interest in cricket, volleyball and running. He likes to remain active and social. Satish is a member of Jest Nagrik Sangha Nivadnuk, Panvel. The Sangha is of 45 members currently and they all participate in Mumbai Marathon every year. This year would be Satish’s fifth edition and he feels it only gets better each year.

 

Parameswaran
P R Vishweshwaran

P R Vishweshwaran, 80. The former Chief Manager at the Bank of India, moved to Mumbai from Kerala when he was 20. He spent 40 years in Mumbai working and is now retired in Kerala. Vishweshwaran still enjoys his banking career by working a couple of hours, a few days a week. He enjoys socializing with his colleagues at work and believes in living a healthy lifestyle – a morning routine of swimming, regular exercise and morning walk. In the past, he has run 42kms (Full Marathon) – four times, 21kms (Half Marathon) – three times and for the last two years he has been participating in the senior’s category along with his wife. He says “I find visiting temples at my age very boring; my joy lies in running.”

 

Veena Parekh
Veena Parekh

Veena Parekh, 70.  A homemaker whose morning begins at 5 am with her morning walk, sometimes jog and she never misses her yoga. She enjoys walking by herself as she enjoys her own company, while soaking up some Vitamin D. Sometimes she joins the laughter club in the park and socialises with other seniors. She has been participating for last eight years and says this routine keeps her active and happy. Veena says her granddaughter shares the same love for sports as she does. She hopes that her running would inspire her granddaughter to remain active.

 

Indu Gyani
Indu Gyani

Indu Gyani, 72. A happy mother and a resident of Versova. Indu chooses to be unstoppable, recently she went under a knee replacement surgery. And with the company of her daughter she finished the race with flying colours. She says her friends have been participating for year and that has been her inspiration.

 

 

Janak Mehta
Janak Mehta

Janak Mehta, 77. A retired senior from Chowpatty. He has been running for 12 years every morning at the Chowpatty beach and likes to commute on his bicycle (calls it his BMW). He says “active or nothing.” Every year he looks forward to the marathon for the atmosphere it creates. Marathon brings joy to Janak.

 

 

Deepak Seth
Deepak Seth

Deepak Seth, 69. A businessman from Versova. Deepak grew up playing a lot of sports and that has remained through his golden years. He has been participating for the last four years. He enjoys his occasional runs by the beach. Deepak believes – taking care of oneself is the best way to remain healthy and fit. He chuckles “in short distance walking, I can beat anybody”.

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Two Countries, Two Lives

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FC Kohli with his wife - Seniors Today
From pioneering work in Tata Electric, to the pathbreaking Tata Consultancy Services, FC Kohli is a name to reckon with in the building of modern India. In a look back at their life and times, he and his wife, activist Swarn Kohli, reminisce on the links between India and its contentious neighbour, Pakistan

Faqir Chand Kohli, known to the world as FC: I was born in Rawalpindi. My mother’s family were the Sethis. Her elder brother Lala

Kanshi Ram Sethi was the president of the Indian National Congress in Rawalpindi and among the wealthiest families of the city. They were all freedom fighters and played an important role in the national movement.

I grew up in Peshawar, which was a major military centre and home to a large contingent of British officers. I studied at Khalsa Middle School, and later National High School. I had topped the matriculation exam and my family was very proud of me. I did my BA and BSc Honours in Government College, Lahore, which was established in 1864. The college had a mix of students; Hindus and Muslims lived together in the same hostel.

While I was in my final year my father passed away and that was a huge blow. Driven by the emotional trauma of my father’s death and the need to be independent. I decided to join the Navy and to my good luck I was selected. However, while waiting to be commissioned I saw an announcement in the paper for a government scholarship to study at the Queens University, Canada for a course in electrical engineering. To my surprise I was awarded the scholarship to study power engineering at one of Canada’s premier institutions, in Kingston near Toronto. The Navy agreed to release me from their employment and I set out for Canada in 1946.

Swarn and FC Kohli at the time of their marriage

My family were among the leading business houses in Peshawar. We owned a large department store called Kirpa Ram & Brothers, and had over a hundred employees, right from horsemen, coachmen, tailors, accountants, store managers, etc. We lived in a lavish house above Kirpa Ram & Brothers and it was one of the largest establishments in Peshawar. I left in 1946 from an undivided India. After doing my masters at MIT I worked with General Electric for some time and when I returned in 1951 India was divided. The Partition had affected my family in numerous ways and in the meanwhile I got a job offer from the Tata’s and I decided to stay back in India.

When the troubles started in January 1947, my brother’s families were sent on a holiday to Mussoorie where Kirpa Ram & Brothers had another leading departmental store. My mother decided that she was going to stay back and my eldest brother stayed back with her. One evening the governor of the province came over to see my mother and convinced her to catch the last chartered flight out of Peshawar where he had reserved last two seats for them. My mother was reluctant but he would have none of it and said he could not guarantee their safety, and they had to leave right then. My mother wanted to go to the bank and bring all her jewellery, but he told her to come back later. She packed a small bag with two pairs of clothes, her medicines and she left.

In the 1970s I got an opportunity to visit Pakistan again. At that time I was the director of Region Ten, an institute of electrical engineering technology. The area from Japan to the Middle East, including Pakistan, were my territory. After the Partition I was very reluctant to visit Pakistan in spite of being the Director of Region Ten. However, I went to Pakistan and had meetings in Lahore and Rawalpindi but I longed for Peshawar because that was my home. My wife also joined me on these conferences and always looked forward to visiting Pakistan as much as I did. She had spent a lot of her childhood in Rawalpindi and this would have been the first time since Partition that we would be going there. The schedule for the Pakistan conference was one day in Karachi, one day in Islamabad and two days in Lahore.

Swarn Kohli:

I was born in Rawalpindi. My grandfather was a well-known lawyer. My father was a sugar technologist, his elder brother was a lawyer and the younger was in insurance. Twice a year we all congregated in Rawalpindi. I studied in a boarding school in Simla in Tara Hall, a branch of Loretto Convent. I happened to come to Rawalpindi for my brother’s mundan (the ceremony when a child’s head is shaved for the first time). It was like a mini wedding. My grandfather decided that he would like to keep me with him in Rawalpindi. I was the eldest grandchild and his will overrode everything else. I left Tara Hall and got relocated to Rawalpindi.

Kirpa Ram & Brothers was one of the leading business houses of Peshawar
Kirpa Ram & Brothers was one of the leading business houses of Peshawar

Since people in school did not speak English well and I was good at the subject, I was given a double promotion, going from the sixth grade to the eighth. But I could hardly read and write Hindi. In fact I was so good in English that the headmaster put me into ninth grade as I could opt for English as a medium of instruction in Modern High School in Rawalpindi. I completed my matriculation and did my graduation. My grandfather died before Partition and we had to leave in very difficult circumstances. Everything that we had was left behind – our agricultural land, properties, etc. We could never go back and Partition became a horrible memory.

Return to Rawalpindi

My husband had to go for a conference to Pakistan and I accompanied him. He was very reluctant but as director of Region Ten he had to go, so I went with him. The conference was held one day in Karachi, one day in Islamabad and two days in Lahore. I had decided that from Islamabad I would go to Pindi. Luckily I found out that the airport is still in Rawalpindi and I told all the conference people that I was going to see my house in Rawalpindi. The ladies wanted to come with me.

I told the driver to take us to Pindi to the Company Bagh. In those days the East India Company had set up botanic gardens in all the major cities in the north and these were called Company Baghs. Our house was bang opposite this place. The driver said that it is now called Liaquat Ali Bagh. I couldn’t believe as we were driving from the airport I could recall almost everything. My father was in Gordon College and after Gordon College was the area we lived in. There was a huge ochre-coloured bungalow which I recognised at once. It belonged to Kirpa Ram Sawhney, whose name was written in Urdu and in English. My house had been next to it and we went up and down the road a few times but I could not find my house. We went to the Kirpa Ram Sawhney house to ask them.

We entered and the housekeeper recognised we were visiting from India. She said her madam was a doctor and she had gone to the hospital. I asked her which hospital and she said Holy Family Hospital – that is where we were all born.

The lady served us tea and dry fruits, and when I mentioned that I used to live in the next house. Instantly she said “woh rangeen sheeshon waali kothi?” My grandfather had got stained glass windows from Europe installed in the house. She said the house had been demolished and there was a big hotel in its place. I was very upset at hearing this, and I ran out. I went to the hotel and asked the watchman there, who confirmed that it used to be the “sheeshon waali kothi”. This left me even more upset. The watchman insisted that I should see the hotel and have a cup of tea. To that I responded rudely: “you may serve the others but I don’t want”. He insisted many times but I stuck to my stand. In the end he said: “the land is still yours why don’t you walk on your land at least”, my response was still no.

The Kohlis on a visit to Peshawar
The Kohlis on a visit to Peshawar

In the evening, the conference people asked me if I had seen our house and I was really upset with the incident and didn’t want to be bothered. A gentleman, Mr Lutfulla, who was part of the conference, approached me by asking “I heard that you are from Pindi?” I said “yes, I lived in the house next to Kirpa Ram & Brothers”. To my surprise he said he had actually lived in Kirpa Ram Sawhney’s house, and had gone abroad for 25 years. Although his niece, who was a doctor, lived there. It turned out that his niece was the doctor who lived in the house I had visited.

His niece called me up the next day and we had a long conversation. She told me that the neighbour’s parents lived in the sheeshon waali kothi and loved it. But after they had gone, their son had converted it into a hotel. And she insisted that whenever we came to Rawalpindi we should have a meal with her.

Peshawar Visit

We went again the next year for the conference and my husband wanted to go to Peshawar to see his family home. We did go there and it was a huge place with a very large compound but there were many shops in it, as if the house had been converted into a mall. The first shop we went to the shopkeeper said that they were too young but they had heard all about Kirpa Ram & Brothers from their parents and grandparents. They insisted that we have a meal with them. We politely declined as we already had commitments and I must confess they all came from the heart. The next two shops gave the same reaction and also invited us for a meal.

The Kohlis on a holiday
The Kohlis on a holiday

The last shop we went to had a large ladies department store specialising in shawls and sarees. By this time the shopkeeper had heard from the neighbouring people that my husband’s family had once owned the place. My husband said, why don’t  you buy a shawl, you have come to your sasural for the first time and how can you go empty-handed? (I had been married after Partition and had never seen the place.) I told my husband I have enough shawls and I didn’t want another one. The shopkeeper who heard our conversation intervened and said I should take at least one shawl, repeating my husband’s sentence, “You have come to your sasural for the first time how can you go empty-handed?” With much reluctance I chose one shawl and got it packed. The shopkeeper would not take any money, and after trying to prevail on him for half an hour I finally insisted if he didn’t take any money we would leave the shop. He eventually took the token amount of 10%. When we left the neighbouring shopkeepers all came out to say goodbye to us. It was a heartwenching moment. It was strange how once the shopkeepers knew we were from India they didn’t want to charge us and it took some convincing that we would definitely pay otherwise we wouldn’t take the merchandised.

The next year we went back to Lahore for the conference Mr Lutfulla, who had befriended us in Pindi, came to the airport in Lahore to receive us. However, from Lahore we took a flight to Pindi together, went to meet Mr Lutfulla’s niece who was the doctor. We all had breakfast together and from there we took a taxi to Peshawar. We became very good friends and exchanged emails off and on and met him in Sri Lanka and other places where conferences were held.

Many years later when 26/11 happened, within 5-7 minutes we got a call from Mr Lutfulla saying, “I know your house is five to seven minutes away from the Oberoi, and I hope you are safe.” I replied that we were. He added “Koi mazhab nahi sikhata aisa kaam karna. I shall pray for your safety and welfare.”

 

The Religion of Good & Evil

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The Religion of Good and Evil
Partition and its attendant anguish holds enduring lessons for all of us, even today, writes Vickram Sethi

The Sethis were wealthy traders from Peshawar and somewhere in the early 18th century one part of the clan moved to Bhera. They owned salt mines and sold salt to the entire northern region. In Peshawar and Bhera they built large Havelis for themselves, right next to each other. This part still exists and is called Sethiyon ka Mohalla (Sethian da malla). One of the sons Moolchand married Laxmi Devi an ordinary school master’s daughter who couldn’t afford to give his daughter any dowry but taught her to read and write, and infused in her his mathematical genius. She could calculate faster than any of the munshis, had a strong business acumen and became a trusted partner of her husband Moolchand’s business.

Laxmi Devi and Moolchand decided that they would move to Rawalpindi. Pindi was the gateway to Kashmir, North-West Frontier Province, and the Khyber Pass. It became a center for commerce, trade and banking. The British set up their headquarters of the northern command of the British Army in Pindi and it became the biggest cantonment in the whole of undivided British India. Pindi was a great commercial, administrative, ministry and cultural center of the vast area, west and north of Lahore. Moolchand saw this as the future. He bought an estate of three houses from Wazir and Fakir Sayyad who sold the three houses for a sum of Rs. 2,100 (two thousand one hundred Rupees). Moolchand lived in two houses and made an office (Hatti) in the third house which also faced the road with go-downs for storing the salt.

Salt was transported on camels and it took two days. The camels walked through the night and rested from a little after sunrise to sunset. There were four spots on the way where makeshift houses, water wells, and shelters were made for the camels. During winter the camels reached much faster. Laxmi Devi employed cobblers to make large leather sacks in which salt was carried on camels to Rawalpindi. These sacks were weather-proof and the salt remained intact. From Pindi, the salt was sold to wholesalers all over the region. It was Laxmi Devi’s idea that instead of sending the camels back, they would sell the camels in Rawalpindi itself. They purchased a large area where suitable stables were built for the camels. Not only did they trade in salt but they also sold camels and this became a much bigger business than the salt business. The British cantonment had an ongoing requirement for camels.

By now their eldest child Kanshi Ram started working in the shop. He realized that there was a huge business opportunity in supplying to the cantonment and various arms of the British government. He inducted his younger brothers Hari Ram and Amolakh Ram also into the business. Both the brother were smart businessmen. Amolakh Ram set up a fruit business and through a chain of around 20 wholesalers, started a two-way trade in fruit. Right from Kabul to Srinagar and up to Mumbai, Amolakh Ram sold fruits and also supplied to the British cantonment. In the overall business ventures, the salt business had diminished and the family decided to sell the salt mine.

Moolchand moved his business to an area called trunkonwala bazaar and extended his residence to include the three houses. They bought a large plot in the trunkonwala bazaar and built go-downs and offices for the ever-expanding business.

The fire of Independence had been lit there were agitations everywhere. Kanshi Ram and his father participated in the Bengal Agitation of 1906-07. Both were arrested in the partition of Bengal, and Kanshi Ram was in imprisonment for a year. By now Rawalpindi had become a center of all revolutionary activities.

One day on a hot May afternoon a fakir entered the bazaar shouting at the top of his voice “hai koi mai ka laal jo meri dil ki muraad puri kare” repeating this again and again. May is one of the worst months in Rawalpindi, the sun is so strong that even the vultures and crows do not venture out in the sun. Kanshi Ram heard this fakir and sent one of the workers to call him. As the fakir came to the shop Kanshi asked his what is your heart’s desire? The fakir looked at him and responded do you have the guts to give me what I want? Kanshi Ram said tell me what you want. The fakir “I can ask for anything, I can even ask for the shop, all this property of yours.”Kanshi ram very calmly said tell me what you want. The fakir said I want to have halwapuri and a mulaazin (worker) was sent to get halwapuri and the fakir had his meal and left. Something distracted Kanshi Ram at that time but while going the fakir said “Kanshi Ram tune meri aawaz suni hai, duniya teri awaaz sunega” the fakir left and after about a minute KanshiRam got up started running after the fakir. It was a sight that no one had ever seen before. The fakir also seemed to have gone far and, as if knowing that Kanshi was running after him, her quickened his speed. Eventually Kanshi Ram caught up with him and they looked at each other. Kanshi Ram requested that the fakir to come home and stay with them. The fakir said you are a grhast (family man) I cannot stay or even eat and drink in your house. But I will come again.

That evening Kanshi Ram addressed his first public meeting.he began his Speech with ‘Eko jeya karra beko jeya kar’ – make us all alike O God, make us all alike and help us move forward. Every speech when Kanshi Ram gave he began with this invocation.

Fire in the bazaar

One evening a munshi from the shop came home and informed Kanshi Ram that there was a group of young men setting fire to all the shops in the bazaar. Kanshi Ram got into his tanga and hurried to the market just in time to save his shop. There was a mob of a hundred boys setting fire to every shop. On seeing Kanshi Ram a young man who seemed to be the leader of the mob came up to Kanshi Ram and asked “Shaaji, which of these shops are yours?” to which Kanshi Ram replied “Saari dukana meriyan hai, gharjao, nahao aur gussa thanda karo” (all the shops are mine, go home, have a bath and cool down). The young man who had come forward asked Kanshi Ram “Aap ne mujhe pehchana?”Kanshi Ram replied no, who are you? The young man fell at his feet and said I will come day after tomorrow to meet you and dispersed the mob. The young man appeared in the shop as promised on the appointed time and introduced himself as Sarfaraaz, the son of Noorali, profusely apologizing.

The Sethis played an important part in the national movement
The Sethis played an important part in the national movement

Noorali was a jaggery trader in the bazaar and a dear friend of the Sethi family. They worked together buying the entire output of sugar and jaggery from the factories and selling them to the British and other wholesalers from different parts of the country. One day Noorali came to the shop with all his valuables –gold, property papers, bank accounts, money and left these in the custody of Kanshi Ram saying that he was going to Haj. He requested Kanshi Ram to keep these till he returned. They bid each other goodbye and it so happened that a year later news came that Noorali had passed away. Once it was confirmed from the others who had accompanied him, Kanshi Ram called the two wives of Noorali along with two elders from the community. He told the wives, before going for Haj Noorali had left valuables –gold, property papers, bank accounts, money and if the wives agreed to his decision he would divide the wealth in the manner he thought fit and if they didn’t agree he would deny that he possessed anything. The two wives could not believe their luck and readily agreed. The first wife had a son and a daughter and the second wife had two daughters. He gave the elder wife 40% and the younger wife got 60%. Both of them agreed and Kanshi Ram handed over everything to the women. Sarfaraz was the son of the first wife and at that time was twelve years old and was a witness to all this. He never forgot what Kanshi Ram had done for them.

Rawalpindi became the centre of all underground revolutionary activities in Punjab. The Sethi brothers – Kanshi Ram, Hari Ram, Amolakh Ram, Govind Ram and Jagat Ram were at the forefront of the National movement.PanditMadan Mohan Malviya called them the paachpandav and Baba Khadak Singh called them PanjPiare.Kanshi Ram Sethi was the president of the Indian National Congress and was jailed seven times under various laws.

For all their wealth the Sethis lived a very simple life. Kanshi Ram only wore khadi and so did his wife and mother. Food was always frugal – one dal, one vegetable, hot tandoori rotis and four five kinds of achaar. Pulao was made if there were guests, and in the summer there were various kinds of raitas and dahi. The men ate together in one thaal and the women ate later. The Sethis funded the DAV College and Hari Ram becamea trustee of the institution. They also funded the Arya Samaj but stayed away from any active involvement. They built a baratghar (janjghar), a venue that was given for weddings for a token price of Rs. 5. Laxmi Bagh as it was called had all requirements for a barat of up to a hundred people. Beddings, pillows, blankets, crockery, cutlery, utensils, ten toilets for men and ten for women. The Barat ghar even had a doli to send the bride home. Kanshi Ram also insisted that all the Sethi children should be married here. His belief was that if our children get married at this venue no one will hesitate to use this for their daughter’s weddings.

The family was close to Lala Lajpat Rai, and Kanshi Ram was his mentor. Kanshi Ram also provided him funds whenever he needed money for the revolutionary activities. On an occasion, Lala Lajpat Rai asked for some money and Kanshi Ram handed over the checkbook and said fill as much as you want. Lala Lajpat Rai filled in Rs. 10,000 (Ten thousand) to which Kanshi Ram said: “baniya you can’t give and can’t take, I had kept a lakh of rupees for you”. After the money was given to him Hari Ram added that we had kept a lot more money for you, now you satisfy yourself with this 1 lakh. A lot of the underground revolutionaries came asking for money and Hari Ram at his discretion would provide funds.

The Hardinge bomb case was largely funded by the Sethis and Hari Ram Sethi was the active participant. Part of this bomb was made in Pindi and part of it was made in Ajmeri Gate and reassembled there. Two bombs were made in case the first one failed. While Basant Kumar Biswas, Balmukund, Amir Chand and Avadh Behari were sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, no evidence could be found against Hari Ram Sethi and he was let off. During the case, there was one witness whose testimony could have nailed Hari Ram Sethi. He was the man who carried the bomb from Pindi to the Ajmeri gate on Hari Ram’s instruction. Hari Ram got him killed and there was no evidence against him and he was let off. As soon as the assassination attempt happened Hari Ram left Delhi and ran away to Calcutta. And returned only after he made sure the single eyewitness was dead.

The Sethi family’s multi-faceted story has been told in A Family of Patriots by KL Johar and Jai Gopal, Harman Publishing House, 1994
The Sethi family’s multi-faceted story has been told in A Family of Patriots by KL Johar and Jai Gopal, Harman Publishing House, 1994

The death of Lala Lajpat Rai had made all the young revolutionaries itch for revenge and they planned the murder of JA Scott who was responsible for the lathi charge on Lajpat Rai and others. Bhagat Singh, Azad, and Rajguru planned the murder in every detail.  Unfortunately, instead of murdering JA Scott they killed a young officer called John Saunders. As a trustee of the DAV College, Hari Ram helped Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru escape after they had shot John Saunders. They escaped on motorcycles driving through the DAV campus. Hari Ram created a narrow gate through which they escaped and within half a minute the gate was shut, completely misleading the British who followed in hot pursuit. Hari Ram was among the 16 people arrested but there was no evidence against him and the police had to release him.

Pagdi exchange

At one time when Kanshi Ram was in jail, he befriended Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, who was also in the same cell. It was then they discovered that the Hindu-Muslim fights were instigated by the district magistrates through their trusted lieutenants in the kotwalis around the country. Kanshi Ram realized that this Hindu-Muslim war must stop and campaigned very hard to convey this message to the people. At one public meeting, he invited the head of the Muslim league Jamil Rehamtulla to jointly address the meeting and in full view of the public, he exchanged his pagdi with the leader of the Muslim league.

In that era, the pagdi symbolized the entire being of a person. It was his soul, his izzat and everything that he stood for. After exchanging his pagdi he announced that after this meeting he was going to his younger brother’s house to have a cup of tea. Also, he asked all the others to exchange pagdis and become brothers and defeat the evil intentions of the British. It was an emotional moment when people hugged each other and exchanged pagdis. He made them take a vow that never to fight with each other and if at any stage they needed help in riot control or any Hindu-Muslim disturbance they would go together to quash it. By this one gesture, Kanshi Ram had become the tallest leader in Rawalpindi.

The Muslims and the Hindus both trusted him, not just in Pindi but in the entire region. As announced, accompanied by a few people and his son Piare Kishen, he went to Jamil Rehamtulla’s house, had tea and left. When he reached home his mother and sister Bhaagwanti were sitting in the courtyard to receive him. Kanshi Ram looked at his mother and asked her, “Bebe pani da mazahab ki hai?” – What is the religion of water? Is it Hindu or Muslim? Saif, the son of Jamil Rehamtulla became very good friends with Piare, Kanshi Ram’s son. It was a friendship that played a major role in the lives of the Sethi family. Kanshi Ram became Tauji to Jamil’s family. Saif and Piare became closest of friends.

Kashiram Sethi
Kashiram Sethi

Just before the beginning of the First World War the British set about recruiting young men from Punjab to fight on behalf of the British.  A large number of Indians were recruited by the British Army and had fought in the most difficult terrain and died fighting the war. There were widows everywhere. At the beginning of the Second World War, the British came back again to recruit young men, and Kanshi Ram worked very hard to prevent young men from joining the British army. It was not easy but Kanshi Ram’s campaign had an effort and many parents didn’t allow their children to join the British army. It was difficult to convince a family living in poverty not to send their children to a well-paid job. But Kanshi Ram’s persuasion had an effect and many families did not allow their children to join the army. The British then shifted their focus to the Marathas, whom they recruited in large numbers. Kanshi Ram was again arrested on the charge of sedition and was sent to jail.

In the year 1946, Kanshi Ram’s wife passed away and in March Kanshi Ram also fell ill. He died on the 12th of August 1946. All of Rawalpindi was shut and his funeral procession started the next day. Saif’s family along with the Sethi family were the pallbearers, and the procession made it way from the house to Laxmi Bagh, where it was kept for people to pay their last respect. People of various fates offered prayers and finally, after a few hours, the procession made its way to the procession ground.  Thousands of people thronged the streets and sprinkled Gulab Jal(rose water) on the procession. There were much condolences meets held for Kanshi Ram and after fourteen days Kanshi Ram’s eldest son Sri Ram and youngest Piare went and opened the shop.

The troubles begin

Somewhere in the month of March 1947, the first riots were seen all over the country. Hindus and Muslims were fighting each other and there were rumors that the country would be bifurcated into two. And Hindus would leave this part of the country and move to Delhi. No one knew how the country was going to be partitioned. The Sethi brothers made arrangements to move from Rawalpindi to Delhi.  Hari Ram already had moved to Delhi. Govind Ram was a film producer and he lived in Mumbai. Jagat Ram was also working in India. The riot situation had become worse. There was a mass exodus from the North to Delhi and Punjab. Saif advised Piare that he should shift his family to Delhi, One afternoon Saif came to Sethi home in a Muslim league truck with two of his brothers shouting “Muslim League Zindabad-Muslim League Zindabad”. He told the family that he had ten tickets for them, Sethi, on a chartered flight to Delhi and they would have to leave in the next fifteen minutes. He loaded all of them into his truck and escorted them to the airport, ensured that they had boarded the aircraft. Piare’s elder brother Sri Ram, his wife, eight of their children and Piare’s wife left Pindi. Piare stayed back to gather property papers of the numerous properties that they owned and could only fly back to India in the first week of August.

Amolakh Ram who was the richest of the Sethi brothers planned to drive from Pindi to Amritsar in his Chevrolet car, where his wife and children were staying. He made a false compartment in the seat of his car, where he hid Rs 6 lakh. Between them on the front seat they had kept two revolvers for safety. It was decided that Bhushan, who was their driver, would drive the car and Amolakh Ram would sit with him and they would travel through the night.

Bhushan was the son of one of the family retainers and lived with Amolakh Ram’s family since his childhood. He grew up and they made him their driver. But Amolakh Ram disappeared and the family presumed they were killed in transit. The fact is that Bhushan shot him in the back when he got down to relieve himself. This is the story of my family, how a Muslim (Saif) escorted a Hindu family to safety and how a Hindu (Bhushan) killed his fatherly Hindu employer, all for money. What then is the religion of good and evil?

 

Has your family been affected by the Partition? Send us your Partition story at editor@seniorstoday.in

A Huge Effort

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Bangladesh Map - Seniors Today
Building a bridge, in record time, that too under enemy fire… Satish Puri from the 1965 batch of SSPMS recalls the operation

I am Satish Puri from the 1965 batch of SSPMS. I was commissioned in the Corps of Engineers (Bombay Sappers) in June 1969. After completing the Young Officer’s course at the College of Military Engineering I was posted to 268 Army Engineer Regiment then at Nagaland.

In Oct 1971 the regiment was moved to Kalyani in Bengal which was the concentration area of 2 Corps in preparation for the impending operations in East Pakistan. Our regiment was allocated to 9 Infantry Division in addition to the integral engineer regiment (102 Engineer Regiment) due to the riverine nature of the area of operations.

Before the operations commenced a bridge on the river Kodia at Alamganga which lay on the main axis of advance of 2 Corps has washed away due to heavy floods. The river was divided into two streams with an unstable island in between, A field company of 102 Engineer Regiment attempted to build up the island with sandbags but these kept getting washed away by the current. This field company had to move forward with its affiliated brigade so the task was handed over to my company (356 Field Company). We abandoned the effort to build up the island and instead decided to construct a 3-span skew bridge supported on timber piles. The timber piles were installed with the help of the local PWD, the wooden pile caps were constructed by late evening and we launched the 3 span Bailey bridge overnight using an innovative technique to launch the middle span.

One of our companies (182 Construction Company) was tasked with the job of maintaining the Kruppmann bridge at Boyra and its approaches. The far bank of this bridge was marshy and require a huge effort to build and maintain and to get the tanks, guns and vehicles across. The bridge was also strafed by the Pakistan Air Force for a couple of days but this stopped after their planes were shot down by Air Force.

Once the operations commenced, I was appointed as the regiment Field Engineer. Intelligence Officer and was tasked with moving forward with the leading brigades to obtain information about obstacles, in particular, water obstacles. I had a jeep, a driver and a radio operator with me. I had to assess the type of obstacles, try and measure the span, decide the suitable equipment for the span, do a preliminary design and send back the info so that the right equipment could be moved forward – all this in the hot war zone! In one move towards Jhingergacha I had to drive through an unmarked minefield which later took one casualty in the field company following me.

Based on my feedback our regiment constructed a major Bailey bridge at Nabhran and a Kruppmann bridge at Jhingergacha, the latter was subsequently converted to a two-span continuous Bailey bridge constructed on the existing concrete piers of the demolished bridge. The regiment also carried out a number of mine breaching tasks under artillery fire.

The Pakistani brigade abandoned Jessore and set up their defenses at Khulna which had a narrow road approach from the North with a river on one side a soft marshy soil on the other. Here the Engineers constructed and operated rafts to ferry tanks and guns forward. The Pakistani Army surrendered soon after this and I was fortunate to witness the surrender ceremony at Khulna.

After the war was over and our regiment had moved out, I had to stay back with my jeep and a surveyor sapper for 6 weeks to map the entire Western Bangladesh from Khustia to Khulna.

The Call of the Comrades

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Bangladesh India War - Seniors Today
Veteran Brigadier Prakash Ghogale, who was commissioned into the 8th Battalion Brigade of the Guards in December 1968 from Indian Military Academy, was privileged to participate in the famous battle of Hilli in the eastern sector in the 1971 Indo-Pak War. He commanded the 18th Battalion, Brigade of the Guards in North Sikkim at 18,000ft and thereafter also converted his unit to the mechanized. Here, he looks back at the Battle of Hilli and the reunion of those who were involved

Reunions, Battle Honour and Raising Days are celebrated not only to commemorate the sacrifices of those who laid down their lives in battle but also to interact with veterans of the unit or regiment with the underlying theme of motivating the troops. I remember during my days as CO of a newly raised unit, I used to regularly invite our erstwhile Colonel of Brigade of the Guards, Lt Gen NC Rawlley, to Raising Day functions for the “Buzurg” to share his valuable experiences with us – and the old soldier merrily obliged. However, what happens in an older unit that has a very large number of veterans?

It is well-nigh impossible to invite each and every ex-soldier, especially those below officer or JCO rank, for such functions. Further, in a number of cases, their addresses are not available with the units and they reside in far off rural areas. Additionally, quite a few of them have gone so old and infirm that even if invited, they are not in a fit state to undertake the long and arduous journey by train or by road.

As a Veteran of the famous Battle of Hilli, I have been in touch with some of my old comrades of “the bloodiest battle of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War” – in the words of the Army Commander, Lt Gen JS Aurora. There are about six of them from Uttar Pradesh who regularly call me on the Unit Raising, Battle Honour days and during Diwali too. I consider myself very fortunate that they still have faith in and affection for their old colleague. Three of them, in particular, were very keen to meet me and expressed their desire from time to time. Subedar Ranjit Singh was a daredevil RCL Platoon Havildar then, who along with his mates lugged the heavy weapon on his shoulders for miles, assembled and fired on enemy tanks who were counter-attacking and also on pillboxes and bunkers since the paddy field terrain was unsuitable for movement of RCL Jeeps.

Subedar Major and Honorary Captain Babu Lal Singh, then a platoon Havildar, who also happened to be my weapon Training Instructor was wounded in action while valiantly involved in hand-to-hand fighting in the battle of attrition. Subedar Major and Honorary Captain Ram Pyare Singh, then an MMG Detachment Commander, supported our assault on the objective and later in holdings of defenses with his accurate and sustained Medium Machine Gunfire.

The repeated calls from my comrades beckoned me! So one fine morning in April this year I booked my ticket and flew to Lucknow en route to Kanpur, where two of them, Ranjit and Babu Lal were based. Ram Pyare was a little away. It was indeed a memorable and emotional meeting and mere words cannot convey the sentiments involved. Ranjit was admitted to the hospital and was in tears as he hugged me! His failing memory, however, could not recount much of the battle.

Babu Lal was more in control of himself, but his joy knew no bounds and related stories of other bravehearts of the unit who had laid down their lives in the battle. Regrettably, Ram Pyare could not make it due to unavoidable circumstances. For me, the satisfaction of meeting them after almost 35 years since I left the unit in which I was commissioned was monumental. Not to mention that the spark in their eyes was justification enough for undertaking that eventful journey! Need I say more?

Except that it probably only a soldier or probably a paramilitary policeman who can understand the significance of such bonding of comrades involved in the action. I cherish and hope to so in the future, every moment of it! For the record, in the battle, we suffered 68 killed including 4 officers and 2 JCOS and 130 wounded and were awarded 3 MVCs, 2VRCs,1 Sena Medal and 3 Mention-in-Dispatches. Besides this, 8th Battalion Brigade of the Guards received Theatre Honour Bangaladesh and Battle Honour Hilli and we were one of the only 3 units who were invited to participate in the Republic Day Victory Parade in January 1972.

On Return to Lucknow, I also had the privilege of meeting my old redoubtable CO, Col PPS Kshatriya (Retd), ex-Commandant, Indian Military Academy, Lt Gen Manvendra Singh and a youngster of yesteryears, now Col Neeraj (Retd). Last but not least, my Sahayak Nb Sub Rakesh Singh, from the unit, I was privileged to command, namely 18 Guards. The latter was very happy at meeting his old Buddy. All said and done, it was a memorable visit which I cannot easily forget!

 

Creativity as salvation

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Creating something with her hands was like meditation

Vandana Kanoria talks about how art can help us to cope and heal when things get tough

The news comes like a sledgehammer blow and your knees buckle under the shock. Questions come in waves, each one drawing you deeper into a dark vortex of pain and uncertainty. There are no answers from a silent universe. There is only that gutting experience of grief and staring into a vast, desolate unknown. These are the moments when reality overwhelms and weighs us down with such intensity that sadness lurks as a backdrop to the happiest of moments. As Joan Didion wrote in her classic memoir of loss, “Grief, when it comes, is nothing like we expect it to be.”

And that is why Cancer is perhaps the most dreaded word of our times.

It was not easy for my mother or any of us to accept the suddenness of this life-altering and life-threatening experience, for her to be full of strength and vigor one moment and virtually helpless the next moment.

Before cancer devastated her, my mother was a multi-passionate – a cauldron of diverse interests and ideas, great enthusiasms and new experiences. From cricket and politics to travel, from art and design to enrich the lives of underprivileged women, she always said Yes to the new and challenging.

I have never met anyone brimming with so much creativity. Like an alchemist whatever she touched, became gloriously beautiful. Twigs, flowers, and leaves twisted into magical shapes; thread, fabric, and wool transformed into works of art; paper and paints morphed from the mundane to the magical. Flowers bloomed under her care, as did people; the aroma of her cooking wafted tantalizingly in the house. A style icon, she was the go-to person in matters of fashion, wedding décor, beautifying spaces and everything design-related.

Looking for solutions

“When things get tough, this is what you should do: Make good art.

Do what only you can do best: Make good art. Make it on the bad days,

Make it on the good days, too.”

And no one followed Neil Gaiman’s advice more diligently than my mother. As the disease slowly consumed her body, design-related problems consumed her mind. Too weak initially, to actually make things, she started exploring ways in which she could resolve issues, make more innovative and beautiful the floral tapestry she was working on, looking for newer ways of manipulating textiles for the fabric jewelry project she had started. In spite of the devastation, this act of looking for solutions helped her to stop focusing on herself and enabled her to look beyond.

And then chemotherapy wreaked havoc. She was back in the ICU. As she started recovering, she began to paint – and not just on paper but on hospital gauze, scraps of cloth and dried leaves, conjuring magical shapes; colors, textures, and lines took on lives of their own and the gloomy atmosphere of a hospital ICU transformed into a space of cheer and fun. Nurses started drawing and vying for compliments; doctors watched her, marveling in wonder at her spirit and serenity. Art gave her the power to dream again, to envision a future. Creating something with her hands was like meditation and she relaxed in creative flow. It was empowering and transformative.

Stronger and better, when she came home her room was transformed into a crafter’s studio. Beads jostled with medicines, stones, and dried leaves fought for space with medical equipment, Brightly colored paints, crayons, yarns livened up the room and her life. And so began her journey, into a yet another, uncharted creative realm.

“When life gives you scraps make fabric jewelry” as someone once said. Rich and colorful pieces of brocade and sparkling beads mysteriously twisted and turned and gorgeous pieces appeared. Beautifully designed and trendy jewelry began spilling out of boxes as if in a treasure trove. In art, Mom found that something, where she felt she had absolute freedom — the freedom of expression.

Spiritual freedom

Viktor Frankl, a concentration camp survivor, says in his life-altering book ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’ that man can preserve a vestige of spiritual freedom, of independence of mind, even in terrible conditions of psychic and physical stress because, while everything can be taken from him, the last of the human freedoms — to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances, remains. One finds a higher calling, a meaning in life, which comes from purposeful work, love, and courage in the face of difficulty. The meaning of life, which differs from man to man, and from moment to moment, accrues over time.

Nicole Krauss beautifully said, “Bravery is always more intelligent than fear since it is built on the foundation of what one knows about oneself: the knowledge of one’s strength and capacity, of one’s passion.”

The nature of the chronic illness is that it is ongoing and degenerative. You wake up in pain, facing another day, deal with debilitating side-effects and sleepless nights; how can you get out of bed in the morning? What do you do when you can’t find energy or focus even to begin? You never really know what your day is going to look like – how are you going to feel today? This morning? Later this afternoon? You have to learn the pain of losing some of your skills in order to experience the joy of creating at all. While it was painful for her to remember what she used to be able to do, by not letting that pain dictate her decisions, she found joy again and began to enjoy her small victories. For as John Wooden, NCAA basketball coach, says, “Don’t let what you can’t do interfere with what you can do.”

Battle with the self

Cancer creates a rupture in life as we have known until now. What we think of ourselves, our place in the world, and our expectations are all shattered.

My mother was a person of immense bravery. That she was an extraordinary woman is an understatement. It is very hard to lie on the verge of life and be a silent observer, where you were once an active participant in all that happened around you. Courage comes in many forms. For someone as fiercely independent as my mother, learning to accept her helplessness with grace was an act of courage.

Struggling every moment, between the ‘I can’t’ of the body and ‘I can and I want to’ of the mind, an epic battle with the self, is a form of heroism.

To know that the disease is unrelenting, and yet not giving up, shows her tremendous grit.

Looking in the eye, her own mortality, unafraid, she chose to go on with all the physical strength and emotional maturity she could summon.

This resilience was an intensely hard-won glory, “the product of intentional character-sculpting, the slow and systematic chiseling away of our childish impulses for tantrums and for instant self-gratification.” It required an extraordinary force of mind and character.

“He who has a why to live for can bear with almost anyhow,” so what were Mom’s ‘whys’? Her deep love of art and making beautiful things gave a purpose. Her deep unflinching faith in Krishna gave her the resilience to carry on. He sent her way she accepted, stoically, like His prasad. There was no pitying ‘why me’. Instead, the shocking diagnosis elicited the response ‘why not me’. This acceptance and faith created a sense of tranquillity and serenity. It enabled her to transform the sufferings inflicted by life into an inner strength. In the vast chaos of uncertainty and devastation her spirituality, and reaching towards something intangible but deep and uplifting, made her the master of the greatest of all arts – the art of living.

Editor’s Note: Vandana Kanoria’s mother passed away at the age of 81 a few days before the publication of this article.

Patriotism as Brand Strategy

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Patriotism as Brand Strategy - Prabhakar Mundkur
Patriotic branding can make brands seem selfless instead of chasing profit margins, observes Prabhakar Mundkur

When I was growing up we didn’t paint our faces with the tri-color while watching a cricket game but over the years cricket as a sport stirs up patriotic feelings like no other. Not surprising, considering cricket along with religion and Bollywood are the three key hot buttons for India. This is why it is so common for people to paint their faces or wave the tri-color in other forms at a cricket match.

If we go back into our past, brands like Amul (a brand which is a year older than independent India) stirred patriotic feelings and much later of course summed up their brand as the Taste of India. So did Bajaj with Hamara Bajaj (Buland Bharat ki Buland Tasveer). I think in the post- liberalized India brands still try to stir up patriotic pride e.g. Tata Salt with Desh ka Namak and to a lesser extent Tata Tea with Jaago Re. If you look at Tata as a brand, they are in the best position to do so being an old, trusted Indian brand.

I don’t think we have ever had a formal study of patriotic brands in India, although several brands have pledged their patriotism, but in the US where brands are continuously studied for their degree of Patriotism, brands like Jeep, Hershey’s, Coke, Levis, Ford, Wal-Mart, Campbell’s and others have stood out as patriotic brands. An annual research study finds out which brands were most associated with the value of patriotism. Quite often when we say American icon I guess what we are really referring to are patriotic brands. Largely, it has to do with being an American company or really being made in the U.S.A. In the 2016 research, a national sample of 4,750 consumers, 16 to 65, evaluated 248 brands across a collection of 35 cross-category values. Consumers identified the following brands as leading the most patriotic brands of 2016. The individual value of patriotism was indicated by the brand’s emotional engagement strength. The percentages indicated the degree of patriotism associated with the brand.

  1. Jeep/Disney (98%)
  2. Levi Strauss (96%)
  3. Ralph Lauren (95%)
  4. Ford (94%)
  5. Coca-Cola/Jack Daniels (93%)

In India, Bajaj has always been known for its patriotic branding right from the days of the old Bajaj scooter with “Hamara Bajaj”. Of course, this was a time when India followed a quasi-socialist path that banned imports.

Many brands pledge their patriotism on Republic Day. For example Bajaj with their Invincible Indians ad a few years ago. It told stories of brave Indians who were serving society at large with the help of their Bajaj motorcycles. The Bajaj V bike is perhaps the most patriotic bike in their portfolio because it is made out of the steel of our famed aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant.

A major beneficiary of patriotic branding in recent times, of course, has been Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali by embracing the concept of Swadeshi. By taking the anti-multinational stance in the brand’s positioning Patanjali has by default become patriotic. In addition, Ayurveda indicates a ‘back to the roots’ approach which has been bolstered by Baba Ramdev’s yogic image giving Patanjali a highly differentiated patriotic slant. This also echoes the political slogans of the day that includes “Made in India” and ‘nationalism’ amongst them.

But for a long time, most mass-market brands in India which were the darlings of the man on the street have been patriotic brands. The erstwhile Hero Motors when it was known as Hero Honda, pursued the “Desh ki Dhadkan” theme for many years.

Nike although originating in America, has established itself as a truly global brand by capturing the hearts of young people in every country they entered. When it leverages sports events, it has the distinct advantage of itself being a sports brand. Their commercial for the Rio Olympics then did just that. It captured the quintessential Nike values of portraying success as the consequence of merely trying harder and combining them powerfully with passion for sport and patriotism.

“We’re being sold a brand new idea of patriotism. It never occurred to me that patriotism had to be advertised. Patriotism is something you deeply felt. You didn’t have to wear it on your lapel or show it in your window or on a bumper sticker. That kind of patriotism does not appeal to me at all. ”

Sam Shepard 

Sam Shepard, the American playwright, and the writer say it never occurred to him that patriotism had to be advertised. But as we can see from the brands of many countries, patriotism is a value that can bring a brand close to its people. It is an endearing brand value, that if handled well, can be exploited for the long term. Patriotic branding has that uncanny ability to make brands seem selfless, instead of seeming to just chase their profit margins and perhaps this might be its most important virtue.

No wonder then that marketers the world over are pursuing patriotism as key brand value in their brand strategy.

When pop went Desi

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Alisha - Seniors Today
In a span of 25 years, Indipop arrived, boomed… and then slowly faded out. Narendra Kusnur examines the rise and decline of the genre

Around this time 25 years ago, the Mumbai office of the record label Magnasound was extra-busy. Its next release would be Alisha Chinai’s Made In India, composed by Biddu. Released in May 1995, the album was a huge success, selling five million units. The title track’s video, directed by Ken Ghosh and starring model Milind Soman, was splashed over television.

Somewhere around that time, the term ‘Indipop’ was coined. Besides Magnasound, Crescendo Music, which eventually tied up with international giant BMG, produced a series of hits in this genre. By the end of 1996, we had artistes like Daler Mehndi, Colonial Cousins, Lucky Ali, Mehnaz, Anaida, Suchitra Krishnamurthy, Sukhbir and the sibling duo of Shaan and Sagarika. Channel V was already huge in India. With MTV being launched as a 24-hour channel in January 1996, music videos were the in thing, and video jockeys (VJs) became youth icons.

Desi energy

Yes, 2020 marks 25 years since the Indipop boom. For a good part of the late 1990s, the genre fulfilled its objective of providing a good alternative to Hindi film music which dominated the market. Sadly enough, the craze subsided by the end of the decade, and film music never seemed threatened till recently. While the euphoria lasted, many youngsters dreamt of becoming the next Indipop star, just like they are today thinking of being the next YouTube sensation.

As a style, Indian pop had existed quite some time before 1995. Biddu first released the albums Disco Deewane, Star and Young Tarang in the 1980s, with Pakistani sibling duo Nazia and Zoheb Hassan. Gurdas Maan spread the reach of Punjabi music. Suneeta Rao had the hit song ‘Paree’, and Alisha Chinai had albums like Baby Doll and Madonna. But it was Baba Sehgal’s 1992 album Thanda Thanda Pani which set the ball rolling. Shweta Shetty soon released Johnny Joker.

MTV had a short daily segment which focused on international music. In 1994, when Channel V came in as a 24-hour channel under the Star TV network, artistes and music companies felt it was a good platform to showcase their latest videos and thus promote albums. When MTV arrived full-time, the two channels competed over who would get the music video out or have artiste interviews first. By the time the Channel V Music Awards were launched later that year, many new pop stars had arrived on the circuit.

A few months after Chinai’s Made In India made it big, Magnasound released Daler Mehndi’s Punjabi pop album Bolo Ta Ra Ra. The title track became a rage in the north, and eventually caught on in other parts of India and abroad. With their sheer energy and dance factor, Mehndi’s live shows sent audiences into a frenzy. The album went on to sell two million units.

The winning factor

What made Indipop click? And that too at a time when Hindi film music was doing well, with music directors A.R. Rahman, Nadeem-Shravan, Jatin-Lalit and Anu Malik churning hit after hit?

The main reason was that people wanted a new sound which was different from staple Bollywood fare. They were looking for a good mix of love songs and party numbers, and Indipop provided them just that. In the 1980s, ghazals had provided stiff competition to film music, but that craze had died down.

Secondly, there were a number of talented singers who just didn’t get a break in Bollywood, which was then ruled by Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu and Kavita Krishnamurti, followed by Abhijeet and Sadhna Sargam. In that scenario, it required a completely different platform to make it big, and Indipop gave them the opportunities.

Thirdly, with music channels coming up in a big way, music was being seen and not only heard. Besides MTV and Channel V, music was shown on etc and B4U. Even Doordarshan and the general entertainment channels had music countdown shows, where Indipop was increasingly shown.

If Magnasound and BMG-Crescendo set off the Indipop wave, other companies got into the act. By 1998, the genre was in full swing. HMV, which later became Saregama India, released albums by the Aslam-Shibani duo, Raageshwari, a young Sunidhi Chauhan and Shankar Mahadevan. Times Music began by releasing remix albums, besides newcomer Abbey.

Sony Music had albums by the established Rahman, and newcomers Ritika Sahni and KK, whose Pal was very popular on the college circuit. The label even took over Magnasound’s Colonial Cousins and BMG-Crescendo’s Lucky Ali. Universal Music recorded the remix compilation Rahul And I, and the album Jaanam Samjha Karo with the legendary Asha Bhosle. Venus Records had the smash qawwali-pop hit Tum To Thehre Pardesi by Altaf Raja, besides releasing Hema Sardesai’s Hindustani Gudiya. Virgin Records began with the instrumental album Eastern Journey by Biddu, before signing on Chinai and Shubha Mudgal. In 1999, Sonu Nigam, known as the host of the TV programme Sa Re Ga Ma, had a hit with the T-Series album Deewana.

Some artistes had unique sounds. Mehndi’s success kicked off the whole bhangra-pop movement. Lucky Ali’s album Sunoh had a good blend of simplicity and soul. Silk Route were to use that formula effectively later. Colonial Cousins blended Indian and western sounds. Delhi-based Euphoria, led by Palash Sen, started a trend in Hindi-rock, and Indian Ocean, also from the capital, became a big-name in fusion-rock. The bands Aryans and Agosh attracted youngsters. Acts from Pakistan, like Junoon, Ali Haider and Strings, attracted audiences in India with their distinct blends.

A major development took place when Colonial Cousins did its MTV Unplugged album, the first Indian act to be part of the prestigious global series. For Indipop, everything was hunky-dory till the end of 1998.

Going wrong

But as they say, good phases might not last forever. Overnight, things began to go wrong, and by the time one realised that, the slide had begun. To begin with, anyone and everyone wanted to become an Indipop star. Even those without any talent were promoted by labels, as long as they looked good and were video-friendly. More emphasis was given only to creating a popular video, than on providing eight good songs in an album.

In a bid to discover talent, some experiments were carried out. In 2002, Channel V and Times Music decided to form a girl band through a talent hunt contest. The result was the much-hyped group Viva, whose debut album lacked in terms of quality. Other manufactured groups like A Band Of Boys, Aaria and Aasma came in but never created the kind of impact one expected.

Thirdly, everybody was trying to stick to previously-successful formulae. The result was that most new albums were repetitive or gave listeners a heard-it-before feeling. The music channels started showing more of youth lifestyle programming, reducing music content. After a three-year run, Channel V discontinued its awards ceremony. Finally, rather than creating original content, the industry’s focus shifted towards remixing old Hindi film songs.

Only a few acts succeeded in the early 20th century. These included Shaan’s Tanha Dil, the Bhosle-Adnan Sami album Kabhi Toh Nazar Milao and Kailash Kher’s Kailasa. Many pop singers like Nigam, Shaan and KK moved into Bollywood territory. Hindi film music continued to rule, with a set of new music directors lending freshness. The Indipop dream was over.

Today, popular non-film music has returned in a big way. The focus has shifted from albums to singles, launched on YouTube and online streaming platforms. Though some popular acts have mushroomed, there are no stars in the league of Chinai, Mehndi, Colonial Cousins or Lucky Ali. Hopefully, the industry will learn from past mistakes. The only thing in favour of this genre is that Hindi film music is in a dismal state today. The future of both film and non-film music will be decided this year.

Last Word

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Cover Image - Bikini Babes
Last month, we looked at desi actresses of bygone days; here we cast our eye on Hollywood hotties! By Senor Dey

10. Ursula Andress – Best known as the Bond Girl Honey Ryder from Dr. No, the first Bond film. Ursula rising out of the Caribbean Sea in a white bikini sporting a diving knife on her hip has been an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history.

The Young and The Restless

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The young and the restless - Seniors Today
Against the backdrop of student-led protests across the country, Deepa Gahlot takes a look at Sudhir Mishra’s film which tackled this subject 32 years ago

As the country erupts into political protests, led by students, Sudhir Mishra made a statement about planning to remake his first film, Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin (1987), which was about youth unrest.

The story is set in Rajpur, where the local politician-industrialist nexus, leads to brazen murder of workers and a student leader. The university is all set to celebrate its golden jubilee when the tumult on the campus and the resulting curfew stirs up the sleepy township.

Ignorant about the troubles in Rajpur—this being the era before the telecom revolution—three Mumbai-based buddies (played by theatre doyens of the time) are planning a trip there after 40 years, for the jubilee function at their alma mater. The film begins with their bickering, Shamsher Bahadur Singh (Manohar Singh), Akhtar Baig (Habib Tanvir) and Murli Manohar Joshi (BM Shah) fling drunken insults at each other. There is a suggestion that something about their past holds them together, causes bitter drunken squabbles, and has prevented them from returning to their hometown.

On the train, they meet Sarita (Sushmita Mukherjee), a journalist on her way to Rajpur, ostensibly to investigate the problems besetting the town. They are received by Shamsher’s nephew Avdhesh (Ajit Vachani), the police superintendent, and stay at Baig’s old mansion.

The spark

The spark that lit the flame of conflict in the university is the murder of a student by Uttam (Raja Bundela), the nephew of the chief minister, and son of his influential brother Trivedi (Naseeruddin Shah). The brazen killing was witnessed by his roommate Rohit (Pankaj Kapur) and the killers are after him now. The agitating students are kept in check by the promise by the Vice-Chancellor Awasthi (Rajendra Gupta), that he will look into their demands after the jubilee event.

There are whispers that dissenting workers at Trivedi’s factory were burnt alive, but nobody has the courage to take him on. The cops and local media (represented by a magazine editor played by Alok Nath) are obviously under his thumb.

On the day of the function, as Uttam and his gang enter the campus to attack Rohit, the students barricade themselves in the hostel and shout anti-police slogans. In spite of Awasthi’s well-meaning appeals for peace and Rohit’s panicked warnings to his mates, the cops enter the campus to crush the rebellion. Sarita witnesses it all, but her camera is snatched away. The cops pin a murder on Rohit and he flees the scene with the police and Uttam in pursuit.

Confronting the past

Meanwhile, the three old friends are forced to confront their past, when they run into one of their former comrades, Ismat (Kusum Haider). The three were active in the freedom movement against the British Raj, but when it came to the crunch, they betrayed a friend (Lalit Mohan Tiwari) and escaped from Rajpur. That incident of their cowardice has haunted them all their lives. When a battered Rohit falls at their doorstep with Sarita begging for refuge, it is time for the three to redeem themselves.

The plot may seem simplistic now, but it was an assured debut by Sudhir Mishra, which won him a national award. He captured the social hierarchies of a north Indian town astutely, the kind of place where the powerful hang out together in clubs and everything can be ‘managed’ by pulling the right strings. He later made Hazaaron Khwahishen Aisi (2003), which was a much more mature work—one of the best political films made in India.

Star beginnings

Seen today, the film is interesting for the glimpse it gives into the early days of some of the actors who went on to build a successful film and TV careers. Naseeruddin Shah played dad to an actor about the same age as himself, which did not seem to hamper his growth as a star. Pankaj Kapur and Sushmita Mukherjee went on to co-star in the hugely popular TV serial Karamchand, and remain active on screen and stage. Sushmita was then married to Mishra, and later to Raja Bundela, while the director married editor Renu Saluja, after her breakup from Vidhu Vinod Chopra. From bit roles in this film, Alok Nath and Rajendra Gupta also moved on to better work in films and television. Manohar Singh did many more films, Habib Tanvir gained even more renown for his work with Chhattisgarhi folk theatre, while BM Shah also returned to the stage—all three are deceased.

With student activism and campus politics on the rise again like never before, there is certainly cause to revisit and update this film.

Til-gul, Undhiyu for Sankranti & Uttrayan

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Undhiyu - Seniors Today

The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervour in different ways.

This is the month of Uttrayan or Makar Sankranti – the festival dedicated to the Sun God. It marks the northward journey of the Sun into the northern Hemisphere or “Uttrayan” and the beginning of the zodiac month of Capricorn also known as ‘Makar’. The transition also marks the end of winter months and the days start to get longer after this. For Hindus all over the country it is an important festival as it heralds the beginning of an auspicious period and is considered good for marriages. The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervour in different ways.

Another unique feature of this festival is that it is probably the only Indian festival celebrated on the same date every year –January 14, as it is observed with the movement of the Sun.

In Maharashtra, people give til-gul to each other and take blessings from the elders. Married women also give haldi-kumkum to each other as a goodwill gesture. These customs have social importance and not religious. Till (sesame) and gud or gul (jaggery) both seem to be special to this festival and are the main ingredients in all the sweets made during this festival.

In Gujarat, Sankrant is celebrated by flying kites. Right from the beginning of January, kites are seen dotting the sky. Kids love the festival. It was started in earlier times as a way to spend time in the sun and enjoy the changing weather. With the change it is very windy too in this part of the country, hence it is ideal for flying kites.

For some years now, the Gujarat government has been organizing International Kite Festival and it has received tremendous response. Professional Kite-fliers and enthusiasts from all over the world converge in Gujarat and whet their passion. Creatively made and decorated kites in all shapes and sizes can be seen in vibrant colours. Right from the early hours in the morning people gather on their terraces with colourful clothes, hats, glares, binoculars, sound systems, an unending supply of kites and manjha (the specially treated thread) and of course a variety of mouth-watering snacks. The party starts in the wee hours of the morning and goes on throughout the day till it gets dark. With the onset of dusk, the sky is full of countless lanterns trailing each other behind kites tied to the strings. It’s awesome to witness this scene and has to be seen to be enjoyed.

The foods that people enjoy during Sankrant are chikki made from sugar or jaggery with variants made with sesame, peanuts, coconut, walnuts, and other dry fruits. But in Gujarat, the favorite food during this time is a dish called Undhiya or Undhiyu which is eaten with pooris. While another version of it is only boiled or baked in earthen pots with spices, it is called Ubadiyu. It is a dish made from a variety of vegetables and green garlic available in this season and fresh methi leaves (fenugreek). Bhajiyas or pakodas made from methi are also a hot favourite during these days. Another popular snack during this period is fresh green kernel of jowar called poonk, eaten with green chutney and garlic flavored sev.

Here is the recipe popular during Uttarayan

Undhiyu

A mixed vegetable dish, the name of the dish comes from the Gujrati word “undhu” – upside down in English. Since the dish is traditionally cooked upside down underground in earthen pots known as maltu.

Ingredients

  • 7 small potatoes
  • 7 small brinjal
  • 2 ripe bananas
  • 200 gms purple yam
  • 1 cup surti val papdi/flat beans
  • ½ cup val dana/lima beans
  • ½ tuvar dana/green pigeon peas
  • ½ green chickpeas
  • 1 cup fresh coconut (grated)
  • 2 cups fresh coriander
  • ½ cup green garlic
  • 1 tsp carom seeds
  • ¼ tsp asafoetida
  • ¼ tsp soda bicarbonate
  • 1 tbsp ginger chilli paste
  • ¼ tsp turmeric powder
  • 2 tbsp sugar
  • 1 ½ tbsp Kashmiri chilli powder
  • 2 tbsp coriander powder
  • 2 tbsp cumin powder
  • ½ cup oil
  • Salt to taste

Preparation

Step 1 – Masala stuffing-In a large mixing bowl add fresh coriander, grated coconut, green garlic, salt, sugar, cumin powder, coriander powder, Kashmiri chilli powder, ginger chilli paste, turmeric, soda bicarbonate, 2 tbsp of oil and mix it. Keep it aside.

Step 2 – Place a large pan on medium flame and add ½ cup of oil. Add asafoetida, tuvar dana/green pigeon peas, green chickpeas, sruti val papdi/flat beans, carom seeds and then soda bicarbonate and mix it well.

Step 3 – Add 2-3 tbsp of the prepared masala stuffing and add 1 ½ cup of water, mix it well. Cover with a lid and let it cook for five minutes.

Step 4 – Now slit the brinjals from the top into four sections and stuff with the prepared masala. Place the stuffed brinjal in a horizontal position.

Step 5 – Chop purple yam into cubes and evenly place them in the pan.

Step 6 – Slit the potatoes from one side into four sections and stuff with the prepared masala and place it horizontally – similarly to brinjals.

Step 7 – Add 2 tbsp of the prepared masala all over the veggies followed by 1 ½ cup of water and then cover the pan.

Step 8 – Cook for 30-35 minutes on low flame until the potatoes and brinjals are fully cooked.

Step 9 – Now slit the bananas and add the stuffing. Place it horizontally in the pan. Add the leftover prepared masala and with a spatula press all the vegetables down gently. Cover with a lid with water and cook for 10 minutes on low flame.

Step 10 – Serve it while its hot.

Welcome the longer days with Lohri

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Roh di Kheer (Sugarcane juice kheer) - Seniors Today
As the festival signifies the reverence for fire, Lohri is celebrated with a bonfire in the front yard or the crop fields

Punjabi folk festival Lohri signifies the end of winters and as a folk reverence for fire in North India. The festival marks the arrival of the harvest season and falls on January 13 each year, traditionally welcoming the longer days and the sun’s journey to the northern hemisphere. The day after is celebrated as Maghi Sangrand (Makrasankranti). It is celebrated with great fervor by Hindu and Sikh community in Punjab. Apart from Punjab, Lohri is celebrated in Delhi, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh and now across the country by Punjabis.

As the festival signifies reverence for fire, Lohri is celebrated with a bonfire in the front yard or the crop fields. People gather around the bonfire offering sesame seeds, puff rice and sheaves of corn to the fire thanking for the year and the evening is filled with folk music, dance, and food. Punjabi women go around the fire singing “Sunder mundriye ho!”

Lohri Folklore

Back in the day during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar, there lived a man known as Dulla Bhatti. He used to supposedly steal from the rich, and rescue poor Punjabi girls being taken forcibly to be sold in slave markets. Amongst these girls were Sundri and Mundri, he arranged their marriages to boys of the village and provided them with dowries (from the stolen money). Which now narrates as a Punjab’s folklore, Sunder Mundriye

Lohri is celebrated by eating sheaves of roasted corn from the new harvest. Sugarcane products such as gur and gajak, nuts, sesame seeds which are harvested in January are popular during the celebrations. The other important food enjoyed is radish and mustard greens cultivated in winter months. Gazak, Sarson da Saag, Makki di Doti, Radish, Tricholi – Til rice, groundnuts and jaggery are enjoyed throughout north India during this time.

Here is a Lohri special recipe that you may give it a try at home.

Roh di Kheer (Sugarcane juice kheer)

Ingredients

  • 1 litre Sugarcane juice
  • 100 gms rice
  • 2 tsp milk
  • ½ tsp cardamom powder
  • 2 tbsp chopped dry fruits

Preparation

Step 1 – Wash and soak the rice in water for half an hour.

Step 2 – In a pot heat the sugarcane juice and bring it to boil.

Step 3 – Reduce the flame and add the milk. After a few minutes a scum like a layer may appear, take it out using a ladle or a spoon.

Step 4 – Drain the water from the rice and add it to the boiling mixture. Stir well and cook the rice on low flame, uncovered.

Step 5 – Stir occasionally until the rice is done and the juice becomes syrupy.

Step 6 – Take the pot off the stove and stir in the cardamom powder. Add toasted or fried nuts of your choice.

Step 7 – Enjoy it warm or chilled. (It tastes best after it sits for a few hours).

The Festival of Pongal

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Sakkara Pongal - Seniors Today
The term ‘Pongal’ in Tamil means “to boil”, and this festival is celebrated as a thanksgiving ceremony for the year’s harvest

One of the most important celebrations for the people of Tamil Nadu is the harvest festival of Pongal, celebrated in mid-January. The term ‘Pongal’ in Tamil means “to boil”, and this festival is celebrated as a thanksgiving ceremony for the year’s harvest.  Pongal is also the name of a delicious sweet made of rice, lentils, and jaggery; cooking and consuming this sweet Pongal is an intrinsic part of the festival.

The festival is primarily dedicated to Surya, the Sun God, as an act of thanksgiving for abundant crops and a year of plenty. The deep connection of Pongal to the sun also arises from the timing – the festival marks the end of the winter solstice and the start of the sun’s journey northwards. Interestingly, Pongal also corresponds to a harvest festival that is celebrated all over India, the festival of Makara Sankranti.

Like most Indian festivals, Pongal to is a time of visiting friends and family, gifting, decorating the homes, cooking special foods and offering prayers in the homes and temples. Additionally, people look forward to creating and enjoying very elaborate kolams  (or floor rangoli artworks made of white rice powder).

In Tamil Nadu, there are four important days associated with the festival.

The first day – Bhogi ­­Pongal

Bhogi Pongal is the day of cleaning and decorating the homes. Especially honored on this day is Lord Indra, the god of rain; it is crucial to pray for a year of good rains. An important ritual of this day is to discard old and useless household things, which are traditionally burnt in fires fed by cowdung cakes and woods.

The second day – Thai Pongal

This is the main day of the Festival, dedicated to the Sun God. It is celebrated with the family, and also called Surya Pongal. The special ritual is to boil together rice and milk in an earthen pot outdoors. As the rice and milk boils over, a conch is blown and the cry of “Pongalo Pongal” is heard. The wish is “may this rice boil over”, or in other words may it herald a year of plenty and prosperity. Another important aspect of this day is the drawing of kolams.

The third day – Mattu Pongal

Mattu Pongal is the day where the cows are celebrated, and decorated with garlands and beads. The day is connected to a legend around Lord Shiva and his bull Basava.

The fourth day – Kaanum Pongal

Kaanum Pongal is the last day of the festival. The important ritual of this day revolves around placing out in the courtyard, the leftover sweet pongal as well as other items such as betel leaves, betel nuts and sugar cane. The ritual is performed by the women of the household in the name of their brothers, and they ask for the prosperity of the family.

Here is a Pongal special recipe you must give it a try at home.

Sakkara Pongal

One of the favorite dishes during the Pongal festival is the eponymously named sweet Pongal known as sakkarai pongal.

Ingredients

  • ½ cup of rice
  • ⅓ cup moong dal
  • 5 green cardamoms
  • 1 clove
  • ½ cup (about 120 grams) tightly packed jaggery
  • ¼ cup jaggery – optional for extra sweetness
  • Pinch of edible camphor
  • 4-5 tablespoons of ghee
  • 18-20 cashew nuts
  • 1 1/2 heaped tablespoon raisins

Preparation

Step 1 – Pick the rice and moong dal to get rid of stones. Heat a small Kadai (wok), add the rice and moong dal. Stir till aromatic, but taking great care not to brown. Transfer to another pan, wash the rice and moong dal a couple of times.

Step 2 – Transfer to a pressure cooker, with about 3 cups water, cook on a medium flame for 10-14 minutes, and 8-10 whistles*. Once the pressure has settled on its own, remove the lid to check; the consistency should be like khichdi. Lightly mash with a spoon and keep aside.

For the Jaggery sauce:

Step 3 – Crush seeds of 5 green cardamoms and 1 clove.

Step 4 – Chop up the half-cup of jaggery; for more sweetness, add the extra jaggery.

Step 5 – Place ½ cup of water in a pan on the fire and add the jaggery. Melt the jaggery completely to form a smooth, dark liquid. Thicken slightly.

Step 6 – Add the jaggery to the rice and moong dal mixture. Add the crushed green cardamoms and clove, as well as the pinch of edible camphor.

Step 7 – Heat the ghee and lightly brown the cashew nuts. Add the raisins and fry till they plump up.

Step 8 – Keep aside a few for garnish. Immediately transfer the rest to the rice-lentil-jaggery mixture; and mix well.

Step 9 – The sweet Pongal can be served hot or warm; garnish the Pongal with the fried cashews and raisins before serving.

(* Do note:  the amount of water to be added depends not just on the desired consistency but also on the quality of moong dal. If you are familiar with the type and cooking time of the moong dal you are using, adjust water accordingly. For example if you are using the type that cooks quickly, then add between 2 – 2 1/2 cups of water only, and cook for 2 to 3 whistles)

In tune with Bhogali Bihu

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Til Pitha - Seniors Today
Magh/Bhogali Bihu ushers in the period of greatest enjoyment and marks the arrival of spring

The Bihu are the national cultural festival of Assam. Bihu is primarily a collection of three different festivals. Magh/Bhogali Bihu – takes place in the month of January marking the end of the harvest season. Rangali/Bohag Bihu – takes place in the month of April marking the New Year. Kangali/Kati Bihu – takes place in the month of October marking the harvest season. Each Bihu coincides with a distinctive phase in the farming calendar. Bihu celebration is complete with melodious folk Bihu Geet (songs) and their traditional dance. The tune of traditional musical instruments including Toka Xutuli, Baanhi, Dhul and Gogona. People during this time, get in their best traditional attire and perform the Bihu Naach.

Magh/Bhogali Bihu

Magh/Bhogali Bihu ushers in the period of greatest enjoyment and marks the arrival of spring. It is a two-day festival usually celebrated between, January 13 and 16. This year it falls on January 15 and 16.

A tent is built at the crop fields or at the courtyard of the house. On the first day, family and friends gather at the tent, raise a bonfire and feast together. The delicacies such as – Sunga Saul (stuffed rice in bamboo), Sunga Manxo (stuffed meat in bamboo) and Labra (mix vegetable) are prepared around the bonfire with merriment and folk music. During the day, men gather together to build a makeshift hut known as Bhela Ghar or Meji out of bamboo, wood, banana leaves or thatch depending on their location.

At the dawn of the second day, the Bhela Ghar or Meji is lit and everybody prays by sprinkling sesame seeds. This is the most awaited part of the festival. After this ceremony, various food such as pithas – til pitha, narikol pitha, rice cakes, narikol laadoo, tilor ladoo, poka mithoi, kesa mithoi, nimkee, khurma, ghila pitha are enjoyed by everybody together till the Meji turns into ashes.

Here is a simple recipe for Til Pitha that you may try at home.

Til Pitha

A combination of soft chewy outer shell and the sweet sticky sesame filling.

Ingredients

  • 2 kgs of sticky rice
  • ½ kg black sesame seed
  • 1 kg jaggery

Preparation

Step 1 – Rice for outer shell

  • Wash and soak the rice for an hour. Strain the rice and spread it in a paper and let it dry partially.
  • Grind the rice into a fine powder and sieve it.
  • Press the rice powder in a container to make it airtight and cover it with a damp cloth.

Step 2 – The filling

  • Wash and strain black sesame seeds and let it dry. Roast the sesame seeds in a pan and coarse grind the sesame seeds.
  • Melt jaggery in a pan and add the grounded sesame seeds.

Step 3 – Making of the Pitha

  • Heat a pan/Tawa on a low flame – (an effective way is to hold the palm of your hand 6 inches above the pan. If your palm can feel the warmth without having to remove it immediately, your pan is ready for pitha)
  • Scoop out some of the prepared rice flour on the pan and press it gently with your fingers.
  • Add some filling – just enough. Roll up the pithas to your desired shape and gently push it to the edge of the pan. Let it finish cooking while you continue making the next one.

Enjoy it with some hot tea or just as is.